Islam Today Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Islam Today - Essay Example With the obliteration and disorder that accompanied the finish of the pioneer rule after World War 2, a significant part of the Islamic world turned into the casualty of degenerate systems, strict fanaticism, and remote mediation. As Edward Said put it: â€Å"In part, obviously, that is on the grounds that the Middle East, the Arabs, and Islam have kept on energizing colossal change, battle, contention, and, as I compose these lines, war†. The political insecurity so much a piece of a significant part of the Islamic world stems from the instable climate of a considerable lot of these nations (particularly the Arab ones) and the way that they are home to the greater part of the world’s oil flexibly. The oil brings the enthusiasm of numerous Western governments to do things that, if the oil was not there, they would presumably not do. To that obviously should be included that the vast majority have the negative picture of Muslims as psychological oppressors and radicals to a great extent because of their negative portrayal in the media. There is â€Å"a striking absence of lucidity and an environment of incomprehension that can just produce doubt and fear† (Ramadan 2007, p. 23). This circumstance isn't helped by the way that such a significant number of researchers in the West accept that Muslims are naturally â€Å"radical† and that Islam as a rule is contradictory with the West and additionally glo balization. All together battle these pictures and the expected clash there is a great deal individuals in Muslim nations could do. As a matter of first importance Muslim governments should endeavor to have their voice heard all the more plainly and all the more regularly in Western media. Obviously Muslims have a picture issue in the world’s media. There ought to be a sorted out exertion to connect with individuals to give them that Islam has significantly more to it than radicals and fear mongers.

The Gathering Text Response Essay Research Paper free essay sample

The Gathering Text Response Essay, Research Paper Content Response # 8211 ; Good Vs. Insidious Great versus shamelessness is a generally investigated subject in Isobelle Carmody # 8217 ; s novel # 8216 ; The Gathering # 8217 ; . It is generally obvious in the contention between the Chain and the Kraken, by and by the more vile, slippery Acts of the Apostless of wickedness happen when he endeavors to do every part defenseless by violating their failings. While the physical outlines, for example, the finishing up strife, the killing of The Tod and the vicious Acts of the Apostless by Buddha and his pack could most likely be delegated indecency, it is my conviction that the conditioning of the understudies and the exuberant forces of similarity Mr. Karle employs are increasingly tricky, fleetly populating and verifying in the heads of individuals in a way that is more impressive than any straight-out Acts of the Apostless of power. An outline of how the indecency inside Cheshunt and Mr. We will compose a custom article test on The Gathering Text Response Essay Research Paper or on the other hand any comparable subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Karle are act uponing tenants to execute flagitious Acts of the Apostless can be found on page 214 when Buddha murders Nathanial # 8217 ; s Canis familiaris with an end goal to render him powerless to Mr. Karle # 8217 ; s endeavors to make things happen him. The Tod was heartlessly murdered by being drenched in kerosine thus put land. Page 214 peruses as follows, # 8220 ; The lucifer arrived in his tail and flames cleared frontward up over him. Eaten up him. He angled and curled, yiping in harming and dread, thus he shouted, a long chilly ululation of torment and frenzy. For one dreadful second, his eyes took a gander at me from out of the flames, pouching and arguing. # 8221 ; This awful and threatening occasion was deciphered by Nat as punishment due to Lallie # 8217 ; s intervention of the dull before when he was being pursued by ferine Canis familiariss. Nathanial # 8217 ; s response was one of repulsiveness and ghastliness as he saw the killing by Buddha. Another outline of fiendishness happens on page 247, when Nathanial reviews his male parent looking to murder him # 8220 ; # 8216 ; Children ought to be seen and non heard # 8217 ; he stated, and his enormous manus shut around my cervix. Furthermore, crushed. # 8221 ; This could be grounds that a genetic run of fierce conduct could other than pollute Nathanial # 8217 ; s blood. Potentially th is the reason Mr. Karle battles to change over Nathanial and endeavors to oblige him to fall in The Gathering. One case relating to the subject of Good Vs Evil in the novel can be found on pages 224 and 225. This segment of the novel incorporates a contention among Nissa and a ferine Canis familiaris ; this is a physical clash among great and fiendishness. This concentrate from the novel shows that the Chain do in truth battle a physical clash against the malevolent powers of haziness contained in Cheshunt. An additional occasion of Good Vs Evil is found on page 257 # 8220 ; # 8216 ; Kill them all! Murder them all! # 8217 ; the Kraken screamed # 8216 ; May the Chain win long! # 8217 ; # 8221 ; This concentrate from the finishing up strife in the novel shows the way that the Chain must non simply fight a physical clash against the dim powers of Cheshunt. They should other than use their uprightness as an arm against the haziness This closing and persuading outline regarding corruption and fierceness in the new happens on page 120 # 8220 ; they held me down, belted me with their sticks thus they held me while the Canis familiaris assaulted me # 8221 ; . This backings Mrs. Delaney # 8217 ; s adage on individuals in spots of intensity: # 8220 ; Power debases and total force undermines splendidly # 8221 ; . The constabulary who had control over ordinary residents, got degenerate over clasp and this is the thing that enabled them to execute savage Acts of the Apostless, for example, this one. Great Versus Evil is the general subject in this novel, with the individuals from the Chain attempting to improve of the dim powers inside Cheshunt. It is an of import subject in light of the fact that in spite of the fact that the novel is composed as a phantasy, it contains sensible scenes. The entirety of the delineations of good and shrewdness in the book are things that could actually perchance go on in our ain society, as they are non completely improbable or # 8216 ; trick # 8217 ; . The significance of this is to pass on to the peruser that malevolent exists in our ain universe, non in the generalized way we much of the time see it, as a supernatural power, however as the force individuals employ over others to take them to make the wrong things. Reference index The Gathering

A Castle, a Jack, and a Beanstalk

A Castle, a Jack, and a Beanstalk Once upon a late October, MIT hosted its annual Family Weekend. Relatives flew in from everywhere, and were seen passing through East Campus halls with their hushed student-children. All over MIT, festivities ensued. Numerous posters in the Infinite advertised concerts, dinners, and movie viewings. I’d never seen MIT so formal and tame. But that didn’t stifle the MIT hacking culture. (If the term sounds unfamiliar, make sure to check out this very useful post by Snively ‘11 or this breathtaking one by Rachel D. ‘16.) MIT hackers don’t look like this: Around here, the word hack “refers to a clever, benign, and ethical prank or practical joke, which is both challenging for the perpetrators and amusing to the MIT community (and sometimes even the rest of the world!).” On the sunny Saturday of Family Weekend 2014, a castle appeared on the skybridge connecting Buildings 66 and 68, looming high above the clouds. Alongside the castle extended a beanstalk. On it, hung Jack, all packed and ready for adventure. The mysterious installation grew overnight, as if from magic beans. With this, my description is almost done. I’d rather show the hack than tell, so scroll through pictures (and links) below. In conclusion, I’ll add that the week after Family Weekend, the castle resurfaced mysteriously in the East Campus courtyard. From there, it was soon claimed by parents of a little girl. She will now have a grand castle of her own. How awesome is that? I rather enjoy such happy endings.             BONUS Hacking Links: The Official IHTFP Hacking Gallery Hackers Delight: a History of MIT Pranks and Hacks   Hacking the Admissions Tube   The Greatest MIT Hacks of All Time

Apple Inc. Is The Most Valuable Brand On The Planet

Introduction: Apple Inc. is an American technology company founded by Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak and Ronald Wayne on April 1, 1976 in Mountain View, California (Apple Computer Company Partnership Agreement, 1976). Initially created for the purpose of developing and selling personal computers, Apple has grown into the world’s second-largest IT company by net sales revenue with its $182.7 billion made in 2014 (Apple Inc. 2014, p. 27) and the world’s second-largest smartphone vendor (Framingham, 2014). It runs 437 stores in 16 countries (Apple Inc. 2014, p. 32) and produces a wide range of goods, including personal computers, smartphones, digital music players and media tablets, all of which are working on Apple’s own operational†¦show more content†¦2014, p. 7). Therefore, Apple’s profits and the ability to produce and transport its products depend on political factors, such as new international tax, trade and labour laws, international relations bet ween the USA and other countries and political stability in countries that produce or buy Apple products. Apple also manages to exploit international laws for its advantage; for example, to use tax loopholes by setting subsidiaries in Ireland for international sales, not claiming tax residence and avoiding U.S. income tax by taking advantage of the difference between Irish and American tax residency rules (Kanter, J., and Tomas Jr, L., 2014). Economical Factors: Global Financial Crisis has led to high inflation rate, increased unemployment and reduced consumers’ buying power. Apple Annual Report (2014) states that the company’s performance depends significantly on global and regional economic conditions and a number of other factors, such as energy and real estate costs and state of the labour market (Apple Inc., p. 9). The company’s main areas of interest are the United States, as it is where its headquarters are located, and China, that produces the majority of Apple’s products. Apple ‘considers a relatively strong U.S. dollar to be a threat to its business overseas’ (Reynolds, 2014), as it may reduce the demand for their products overseas due to higher prices, and ‘uses derivative instruments, such as foreign currency forward and option

History Of The Black Lives Matter - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 8 Words: 2468 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2019/04/02 Category Society Essay Level High school Tags: Black Lives Matter Essay Did you like this example? Throughout our history, people of another skin color than white seems to be the main target of our systems. Today, people are still targeted because of who they are and where they are from. It was a common thing in the past, but today? It seems like nothing have change. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "History Of The Black Lives Matter" essay for you Create order The Black Lives Matter movement started in 2013 after the death of Trayvon Martin. Trayvon Martin is an African American teenage boy that was shot and killed by George Zimmerman, a night watcher in Sanford, Florida. The African American community and many other people in the United States were upset of the ruling of the case. Many people protested in the streets, and people protested on the internet. They would post blogs and articles about what they have to say about the incident and people would follow them. During the same year, the Black Lives Matter Movement was found. A group of female activists started the Black Lives Matter Movement. With the help of our todays technology, people from all over the world heard them because of their #BlackLivesMatter post. They wanted to spread awareness throughout the world that people should not be target because of who they are and what they look like and that all lives matters. In the United States, people are continuously targeted by the systems that we created because of their skin color. For example, the death of Eric Garner, Michael Brown, Philando Castile, etc. These people are all African Americans and they were killed by the police. Why is it always the people of another skin color than white that are beaten or killed by the police officer? Even long before the Black Lives Matter movement started, people were targeted by the police; like Rodney King. Rodney King was not killed, he was beaten by a few police officers in Los Angeles after a high-speed car chase. From what the police officers said was they thought he was arm and dangerous which was why they beat him (Feuerherd, 2018). The police office officers knocked Rodney King onto the ground and when Rodney King was lying down on the ground, the police continue to beat him. During the trail, the police officers claim that Rodney King was resisting the arrest (Feuerherd, 2018). He was helpless and was beaten very badly. Our criminal justice system is broken (Feuerherd, 2018). The police officers were found guilty, two of the police officers were sentenced to two years and six months in the state prison and the other two police officers were found guilty of all charges (Feuerherd, 2018). During the time, the African American community in Los Angles went on riots for days. They trashed the streets of Los Angles and broke into stores. They even stole stuff from the stores. According to the Jstor Daily, the Amfircan American community did not what the white police officers did to Rodney King (Feuerherd, 2018). The police officers used their power to control a black man that was harmless, and it was just a police officer, but many of them. Rodney King was beaten so bad that he was sent to the hospital. It was not until 2013 when the Black Lives Matter movement started, people started to realize something is wrong with our system. Some states started to invest in body camera (Feuerherd, 2018). Police officers became more aware of their surroundings before doing anything when they are on duty. Even after when the movement started, the African American people in the United States were still targeted by the system. In 2014, Eric Garner, a 48 years old African American man was killed by a police officer in New York (Gross, 2017). Eric Garner was a suspect of selling cigarettes. A few police officers went up to him and confronted him. He argued with them. The police officers then tried to arrest Eric Garner, one of the police officers went behind him, grab his head, and choked him which got him go down on the ground. When Eric Garner was on the ground, he kept saying he could not breath. The police officers kept trying to lock his hands. After locking his hands, he stops moving. The police officers called an ambulance to come pick him to the hospital. A few hours later, Eric Garner passed away. According to NRP, Eric Garner died due to the chokehold (Gross, 2017). The police officer that choked Eric Garner was never indicted even though the death of Eric Garner was ruled as a homicide (Gross, 2017). People were out raged due to the ruling of the trail. People protested throughout the United States. It was the uprising of the Black Lives Matter movement again. Because Eric Garner is a huge African American male, the police officers had to use extra force to get him onto the ground. It was this case that now in some states, police officers cannot put people into a chokehold during an arrest (Gross, 2017). It is a dangerous chokehold if the police officer does not know how to do it. It can kill people which is why it got banned. It is to prevent anymore death during an arrest because there are some people who will try to resist the chokehold and it will be worst for the person if the person is in the chokehold. A month later after the death of Eric Garner there was another death. On August 9, 2014, Michael Brown was shot and killed by Darren Wilson in Ferguson, Missouri (Hafner, 2016). Michael Brown is an 18 years old African American man and Darren Wilson is a white police officer. Michael Brown and his friend was walking home from a convenience store until the police officer roll on next to them with his car and stopped them. They argued, and the police officer shot Michael Brown. The friend ran and hided. The police officer continued to shoot Michael Brown even after the first shot. A moment later the police officer stopped, but Michael Brown was already dead. People throughout the United States protested. At the trail, Darren Wilson, the police officer was not indicted. Darren Wilson argued that even though Michael Brown was not armed, he was still a threat to him which was why he fired the first shot. And when Michael Brown and Darren Wilson was were fighting, he fired again because he thought Michael Brown was trying to grab his gun. According to USA Today, the criminal justice system is racially bias (Hafner, 2016). People argued that Michael Brown and his friend was stopped because they were black. The African American communities and people from all over the United States did not like the ruling of the case and continued to protest. People started to post #BlackLivesMatter all over the social media and it became a tend again. The people that protested the streets turned these protests into riots. People started to break into stores and steal stuff. Some people did not even know what they were doing (Hafner, 2016). They were just following along with the rest of the people. Many people were injured, and a lot of people even tried to fight with police officers (Hafner, 2016). The whole thing became a mess. The people realized that what they were doing to their city was wrong and it will not change anything, so they stopped. The people were still upset about the ruling. Today, a lot of people officers are to have a body camera on at all time when they are on duty (Feuerherd, 2018). A few years later after the death of Michael Brown, there was another incident that involved a white cop shooting an African American male. In July of 2016, Philando Castile was shot and killed by a police officer in his car in Minnesota (Robinson, 2017). The police officer pulled Philando Castile over because one of his break lights was not on. The police officer told him and asked for his license and insurance. Philando Castile then told the police officer he has a firearm in his car. The police officer told him to not pull it out and Philando Castile proceed to reach over for something. The police officer pulled out his gun and shot him. The police officer did not shoot Philando Castile once, but more than once. Philando Castile died on the scene. At the trail, the police officer was charged with second-degree manslaughter and is charge with 10 years in state prison (Robinson, 2017). Shooting Philando Castile more than once was not justiciable. The act was cruel, but it can be argued that it is not because he was an African American male which was why the police officer shot him. The African American and many people throughout the United States were mad about the incident. The police officer had no right to shot Philando Castile more than once. Once is enough to keep him down, but the police officer decided to shoot him five times. At the scene of the act, Philando Castile did tell the police officer that he has a firearm in the car and he has a license to carry a firearm. People protested throughout the United States. People wanted a change in our system. Police officers should not be taking advantage of their power and killing people like how the police officer shot Philando. According to the Washington Post, people claimed that is was a systemic racial inequality issue (Robinson, 2017). Police officers are using their power to target another race in the United States. People of another skin color seems to be the target in the United States since the slavery time. The people have been fighting for their rights since forever nothing seems to be change. Our history is only repeating itself. People have to die for others to realize that something is wrong with our system; and it is always the people of another skin color than white. Is it because they are the target in the United States? We will never know. The United States crime rate has been at its lowest rate than ever before (NAACP, 2018). Less people are committing crimes. Yet, the United States still have the most populated prison population in the world. According to NAACP, as of 2015, 34% of the prison population are African Americans (NAACP, 2018). African Americas are five times more likely to convicted and sent to prison than the white Americans in the United States (NAACP, 2018). There is an issue among our system. People are targeted because of who they are. Even after when the Black Lives Matter movement started, people of race are still killed on the streets of the United States. The incarnation rate of the African American people is still the same. Nothing will change unless everyone works together and change the world together. It is the only how way we can grow as one nation. Bibliography Feuerherd, Peter. (2018). Why Didnt the Rodney King Video Lead to a Conviction?. JSTOR DAILY. Retrieved from https://daily.jstor.org/why-rodney-king-video-conviction/ On March 3rd, 1991, Rodney King, an African American male was pulled over by some Los Angeles polices and was brutally beaten. The incident caused a huge outbreak in Los Angeles. The African American communities were upset and protested on the streets, these protests turned into riot and they caused disaster in the city of Los Angeles. It was not only the African American communities, yet, many other people in the United States too. Because it was some white Americans beating an African American, it was heard throughout the United States. The incident is one of the early cases that caused an uprising of the communities in the United States coming together and protested. Gross, Terry. (2017). I Cant Breathe Examines Modern Policing And The Life And Death Of Eric Garner. NRP. Retrieved from https://www.npr.org/2017/10/23/559498678/i-can-t-breathe-explores-life-and-death-at-the-hands-of-police On July 17, 2014, Eric Garner, a 48 years old African American male was confronted by a few police officers about selling cigarettes in New York. They got into an argument and one of the police officers choked Eric Garner. He later died. This case was one of the first case after the Treyvon Martin case that started the Black Lives Matter movement in the United States. Because Eric Garner is a African American male, people argued that it is because he was he was black that was why he was targeted. The communities in the United States came together and protested. People were upset about police officers using their power among the citizens. After the case, a few laws changed. Hafner, Josh. How Michael Browns death, two years ago, pushed #BlackLivesMatter into a movement. USA Today. Retrieved from https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation-now/2016/08/08/how-michael-browns-death-two-years-ago-pushed-blacklivesmatter-into-movement/88424366/ On August 9, 2014, Michael Brown was shot and killed by a police officer in Ferguson, Missouri. Michael Brown and his friend were walking home from a store and was stopped by the police officer. They got into an agreement and got into a fight. The police officer shot Michael Brown. He died on the scene. The incident was a few months after the Eric Garner incident and caused another outbreak in the United States. Protesters came together and walked the streets. The people caused riots and police officers got involved in these riots. People got hurt. After the incident, police officers became more aware of surrounding before using deadly force. NAACP. (2018). CRIMINAL JUSTICE FACT SHEET. NAACP.org. Retrieved from https://www.naacp.org/criminal-justice-fact-sheet/ The United States is one of the countries with the highest prison population in the world. Among those prison, the African Americans make up about 34% of its population. African American are more likely to be arrested than another other race in the United States even though the white Americans make up about more than 55% of the prison population. Why is it that the African Americans are more likely to be target by the system? In the United States, poverty plays a huge role on it. Poor people are more likely to be target by the system and a lot of the African American people live in poverty. Robinson, Eugene. (2017). The acquittal in Philando Castiles killing makes clear that black lives still do not matter. The Washington Post. Retrieved from https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/post-partisan/wp/2017/06/17/the-acquittal-in-philando-castiles-killing-makes-clear-that-black-lives-still-do-not-matter/?noredirect=onutm_term=.a3ea57f28039 The death of Philando Castile caused a huge outbreak in the United States. Philando Castile, an African American male was shot and killed in his car after being pulled over. He was shot not once, but more than once. He died on the scene. The incident was heard throughout the United States and because Philando Castile is an African American man people argued. The police officer was convicted of second-degree manslaughter. Shooting Philando Castile was not justifiable. The act was cruel. There was no need to shoot him so many times. People protested on the streets for a change. People should not be target because of their skin color.

Contributions of Feminism to Security studies Free Essays

string(121) " it appears akin to the history of a victor: no matter how good it may be, it is incomplete with adverse moral problems\." The contribution of feminists to security studies have been described as four separate categories; where the International Relation feminists query the hypothetical nonexistence and peripheral nature of women in international security politics, interrogate the extent to which women are secured by state protection in times of war and peace, critique the ever ever-existence assumption that gendered security practices address women only and contest the discourses wherein women are linked unreflectively with peace. Feminists have conceptualized the core concepts like security, the state, violence, war and peace while at the same time uncovering new hardheaded knowledge about sexual violence in war, gendered participation in armed conflict as well as the masculinity of militarization (Carpenter, 2002: 300). International Relation feminists have studied specific empirical situations to deduce explanatory as well as ethical theories of International Relation. We will write a custom essay sample on Contributions of Feminism to Security studies or any similar topic only for you Order Now They have traversed the crisis in Bosnia, African peace keeping operations, civil military relations in South Korea and the wars in Iraq. Though some of the emerging exemplar of human security as well as Copenhagen school stress the significance of individuals within the security issues they still fail to recognize that not all individuals face those issues the same. Feminists have decided to make women noticeable as subjects in international security (Edkins Epstein, 1997: 120). They portray attention to the invisibility of female and gender subordination within the theory and practice of security politics. Less than 10% of the heads of state of the world are women. Feminists ask why this should be the case and how this is likely to affect the structure as well as the practice of global politics. The empirical case studies of the more current new generation feminists have manly focused on hitherto underrepresented issues like military prostitution, sensitive households, domestic service as well as home-based work which are always performed by women. Through the use of gendered lenses, we are able to see that in spite of the myth that wars are fought by men as a way of protecting the ‘vulnerable people’, a category to which women and children are assigned, women and children represent a significant portion of the causalities in the recent wars. And while are underrepresented as military casualties in terms of their participation in militaries all over the world, they are over represented as civilian victims in terms of their percentage of the population in war zones. Women and children make up between seventy five to eighty percent of the refugees displaced by the effects of war. Feminists have drawn the attention to the frequency as well as the severity of wartime rape, characterizing it as a war crime, as genocide and extreme form of torture. War affects women drafted to provide sex to the soldiers. For instance, more than one million Korean women have suffered in the same way since the beginning of the Korean War (Moon, 1997: 112). Looking at the sound effects of war on women, we are able to gain a better understanding of the unequal feminine relation that sustains the military activity. Whereas feminists highlight the essentiality of seeing women understand conflict and war, they too put emphasis on how these gendered constructions are able to help us understand not just some of the causes of war but certain ways of think about the nature of security have been legitimized at the expense of others. Gendered lenses do not just show where women are during conflict and war but also the structure of war and conflict. Realists define security primarily in terms of state security. A state that is secure is one that is position to protect its physical borders against an anarchical global system. Neorealist put much emphasis on the anarchic international- system’s structure. In this case there is no sovereign to regulate the state behavior. They paint states like Bosnia, Somalia and Iraq as unitary actors whose internal structures as well as policies are less crucial than the anarchic condition for explaining their insecurity and security. The power seeking nature of a state together with the military capabilities are viewed as avenues designed at increasing security of the state; security specialists believe than that the habit of power seeking so as to promote the level of security explains much of the international behavior of the states. Poorest Nations of the world have active military operations within their borders. Consequently, the conflicts contribute to high number of civilian casualties to the extreme structural violence which is done to people when their basic requirements are not met as well as environmental destruction. Security is all about an individual safety. The survival of an individual is therefore the key to his or her safety. But survival has always been threatened by bombs, but this is not even all. Inadequate food, health care, shelter, and transportation threatens the physical integrity of the bodies of individuals, and the most affected are women and children. The safety of an individual is of importance than just being able to stay alive. It is also about the ability to have a home and raise a healthy family. Most women in war affected countries spent the better part of their lives in refugee camps and have never known the meaning of a happy leaving. According to feminists, security is about the safety issues which affect the lives of people, mostly women (Edkins Epstein, 1997: 208). Civilian casualties, power outrages, food shortages, structural violence, militarism together with the human rights are security issues. The lives of women can be insecure even when the states feel safe. Security has to be seen from marginalized members of the societies, those that are highly susceptible to insecurity. Feminist security prioritizes justice together with emancipation. Feminism exclusively contributes the perspective of how the lives of women demonstrate the violence in the events that are not traditionally perceived as security threats. Without Gender, Security is Incomplete Scholarly work that accepts a gender-subordinating world the way it appears akin to the history of a victor: no matter how good it may be, it is incomplete with adverse moral problems. You read "Contributions of Feminism to Security studies" in category "Papers" This is verified by the look at the non-combatant principle of immunity and what feminists refer to as an illusion of the protection of women or the protection racket. In her piece of writing, Women, Children and other Susceptible Groups, Charlie Carpenter emphasize the importance of gender in international advocacy concerning the protection of civilians through reference to the beliefs of the advocates that their message is likely to be salient incase it is understood in terms of defending women and children particularly (Carpenter, 2002: 302). The immunity structure of women has been greatly distorted through reliance upon the proxy of women and children for civilians. The distortion is likely to affect the protection in sub-optimal ways. There is need for a clear understanding of what needs protection and why. The principle of immunity within the just war tradition is hazy and highly subject to considerable manipulation for political purposes. This kind of problems may be enough to cause the current lack of effectiveness. Whereas the principle of immunity appears to protect women, in real sense, it risks the lives of women and also perpetuates gender subordination at the same time. The modernization of the Malaysian economy in 1970’s led to an increase in the number of the underpaid and exploited foreign female household workforce within the country. It was a case of rejecting the traditional economic validation due to the fact that the economic theory overlooks the involvement of the state or the social dynamics that surround foreign domestic worker involvement. In order to win the support of the middle class and lessen the ethnic tension, the state of Malaysia backed the hiring of foreign female domestic workers and the workers worked in slave-like conditions. In such a case, just like in many other countries, the state played the role of manipulating class, gender as well as race to control power in order to benefit a few citizens and disadvantage others. The scholars reveal gender that is entrenched within the power structures and consistence with the critical International- Relations theory, ultimately aimed at changing the status quo. The works of feminists contribute to the realm of the protection in an untraditional way. For instance, they bring to light the insecurities that women have inside and outside of the traditional war zones. To add on that, because they have the ability to recognize the physical, ecological, structural as well as sexual violence as security threats, they appropriately apply security on the individual level. Through underscoring human safety, mainly at the political margin, feminists refocus security discourses from the policies of the state to the lives of the individuals. Certainly, wars are known to threaten safety. But oppressive relationship of work as well as sexual slavery also threaten it and therefore has to be recognized as universal issues of the human insecurity and justifiable topics within international security. Through bringing about the discussion and concentrating on how the ideas on how gender affects and are affected by politics, the constructivists of feminism build on the foundation that is availed by the social constructivists. In his book, Modern Security Studies, Collins examines international dialogue and law in relation to home based work. He reveals that the dominantly home-based female workforce is highly undervalued. Because the work takes place in a private sphere, it is not considered to be legitimate by many. As a result, women suffer low wages as well as poor working conditions without being provided with an opportunity to change their circumstances. Due to the fact that the workforce is dominantly women, the institutionalization of the rights of the workers is vital to feminists. In terms of war, the constructionists of feminism try to determine the reasons as to why the issue of security remain absent within the mainstream of security discourse. For example, though not included in the description of conventional warfare, the economic sanctions on Iraq between the Gulf wars had incredible security impact on Iraqi communities as well as the citizens, excessively on women. While implementing the policy, the United Nation Security Council was aiming at instigating the opposition of the citizens to the government of Iraq. In a sense, through making the residents of Iraq suffer, the United Nation hoped they would revolt against their government. This kind of policy at the end of the day became a war against the innocent citizens. Whereas the well-off Iraqi in government or in the upper class were able to acquire goods through black market, the majority with lower incomes, particularly women, children as well as the elderly could hardly get anything Though the sanctions do not constitute a declaration of war from those concerned, military attacks, they contribute to emergence of war. Feminists mainly focus on the physical as well as the structural violence existent on the ground within the affected communities. And for them, conventional wars as well as economic sanctions both deserve recognition as significant and momentous security issues (Sassen, 2000: 508). Concerning the use of language in society as well as the effect on our understanding of the reality, poststructuralists stress the relationship that exists between knowledge and power. In most societies, those who posses intellect also have the capability to frame most crucial agendas and discussions, that endow with them the needed power. Traditionally, men are known to dominate the sphere of learning and intelligence. On the other hand, women are viewed as less intelligence followers who react to the supremacy of men. In particular, feminist stress the linguistic dichotomies in international security discourse which favor the attributes of masculinity. Pairs of words like strong/weak in security studies have obvious gender link because women are stereotypically feeble and more emotional. Feminists perfect in one of these divisions are point out that the gendered as well as racial implication within them have direct consequences (Collins, 2007: 28). Through donating inferiority of a given gender or race, the dichotomies shape the current perception of gender within our society. Through the demolition of the hierarchical language, feminists hope to minimize the hierarchy in our realism as well. Postcolonial Feminism Just as feminists assert a society exists with knowledge that mainly set forth by men, postcolonial feminists find fault within the knowledge that is solely based upon the experiences of the privileged western women. They do not consider female’ a homogenous category. The class, geography, race and culture experienced by individual women tend to change their perception of the world. Accordingly, postcolonial feminists’ state that contrary to the beliefs of western women, almost all women do not have the same level of emancipation needs and wants (Jackson, 1998: 70). They are fond of fighting the stereotype of the third world women as poor, victimized and lacking in agency. In due course, the feminists believe that gender subordination takes place through interaction of gender, culture and race. Through acknowledging this fact, they aspire in defining the needs of the women based on the factors rather than creating a universal list of them. Sexualized Discourse and War Sexualized discourse within the international security takes place in varied form and aspects of the military and war. For instance, in weapons technology gendered language pervades the discourse. When a weapon is first created, the makers refer to it as if it is a male being born. When it is completed, it penetrates the enemy lines the same way men penetrate women. The aggressive sexual language eventually joins with feminine language to make war seem civilized in spite of its violent nature. The abuses, for instance rape that occur during the war go away completely unmentioned (Collins, 2007: 78). Within the international security dialogue, there are cases of sexualized and gendered discourse. When describing the Gulf Wars, various politicians as well as other people draw a comparison of the situation to the sexual intercourse. During the discussion of the overthrow of Saddam, the U. S officials mentioned the frustration that though the forces had ‘penetrated’ the ‘inner sanctum’, they had not yet achieved a satisfying outcome. International Security on the Lives of Women Quite a number of Feminists employ a more micro-level scrutiny in determining the effects of international security on individual lives of women. For example, (Hansen 2000) tries to improve the analysis of feminists of foreign policy through asking them why, how and when the governments use women not just on a gendered ideology but also as instruments of foreign policy. About the South Korean women ‘working’ for the military of the U. S. , Hansen concludes that individuals and organizations should incorporate military prostitution within the global security discussion of the gender rules in war times. Conclusion In an attempt to broaden the sphere of security studies, feminists emphasize those aspects of security that have been ignored by the dominant social science. They recognize the presence of women in international security politics and query the state protection which women supposedly receive in time of war and peace (Elshtain, 1995: 49). They also scrutinize the alleged link between women and peace and show that gendered discourses usually affect the entire population. Through highlighting the differences and also exploring the current literature relating to feminist security learning, this review was aimed at showing the reasons as to why the aspects of commonly ignored aspects are actually critical to the study of security. Instead of simply being a supplement to the prevailing security theory, feminist security studies require utmost consideration to enable full understanding of the world. How to cite Contributions of Feminism to Security studies, Papers

Slaves Essay Example For Students

Slaves Essay Slaves: The Real Motivation of the Civil WarThe Civil War did not begin as a war ofemancipation. Nor did it, in the beginning seek tochange the institution of slavery where it existed. -=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-Category:HistoryPaper Title:SlavesText:The Real Motivation of the Civil WarThe Civil War did not begin as a war ofemancipation. Nor did it, in the beginning seek tochange the institution of slavery where it existed. Instead the stated goal of the Civil War was to restorethe Union, slavery and all. The reason for this approachwas more practical than ideological. My paramountobject in this struggle is to save the Union and is noteither to save or destroy slavery (Bailey et al. 461). Lincoln of course had been for the restriction ofslavery. His campaign for the United States Senate seatfrom Illinois was based upon the principle that a housedivided against itself could not forever stand. Therefore, it was a matter of great concern to thesouthern and border slave holding states, that he waselected as the sixteenth President of the United States. Lincoln recognized that if the Union was to bepreserved he had to convince so called, border statesthat they should not leave. In the days following hiselection, he centered his argument against secession onthe basis that, the states having joined the Union, andratifying the constitution, could not withdraw from thissolemn compact. In fact, in Lincolns Inaugural address heconverted the oath of office from a pledge to, protect,defend, and preserve the constitution, to a pledge toprotect, defend, and preserve the Union. Lincolntherefore, interpreted the union of states asindissoluble on the basis of his oath of office.(Safire3). It was this position along with careful moves thatpreserved the Union in the border states. In Missourifederal troops occupied the capital before a bill ofsecession could be voted upon. In Maryland theLegislature was disband before it could secede. Therefore, even though 13 southern states withdrew, 27states remained (Fepperson 1). However, by the Summer of 1862, the war had beengoing on for over 18 months, and there was no sign ofpeace or victory in sight. Originally, conceived as aninducement to the southern states to rejoin the Union,Lincoln made his proclamation effective only in statesin rebellion against the Union. On July 22, 1862,Lincoln informed his cabinet that he intended to freethe slaves that were in active rebellion (MSN). I do order and declare that all persons held asslaves within said designated slave states, and parts ofstates are and henceforth shall be free (Lincoln). The emancipation proclamation declared . The finalproclamation issues on January 11, 1863 freed the slavesonly in the states that had rebelled: Arkansas, Texas,Mississippi, Alabama, Florida, Georgia, South Carolina,North Carolina, and parts of Louisiana and Virginia. The reason for the proclamation may have stemmedthe desire to keep Britain and France out of the war. Since both countries had abolished slavery they couldnot enter a war that had as its central issue the end orperpetuation of slavery. However, the more likely explanation of the issuingof the proclamation was Lincolns belief that he had toconvert the wars aim beyond maintaining the status quo. The North had decidedly become anti-slavery since thewars beginning. Many states had passed their ownanti-slavery laws. Therefore, when Lincoln announcedthe proclamation he was attempting to get out in frontof popular opinion and not lose his ability to see thewar to a successful conclusion and-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-

To Be Or Not To Be... A Knight Essays - Literature, Cephalophores

To Be Or Not To Be... A Knight To Be or Not To Be?. A knight To be or not to be? a Knight truly is the question presented through this story, which is a tale of Gawains trials and tribulations on his journey to the Green Chapel. First, before acknowledging Gawain as being or not being a knight, one must first know what a knight is. In reference to the Pentangle a knight or Gawain must be: ? first, he was faultless in his five senses, Nor found ever to fail in his five fingers, And all his fealty was fixed upon the five wounds That Christ got on the cross, as the creed tells; ? That all his force was founded on the five joys That the high Queen of heaven had in her child. ? The fifth of the five fives followed by the knight Were beneficence boundless and brotherly love And pure mind and manners, that none might impeach, And compassion most precious-these peerless five Were forged and made fast in him, foremost of men. (Ll. 640-655) This excerpt from Sir Gawain and the Green Knight demonstrates on what a knight should be when looked upon from the Pentangle mode of being a knight. What pertain to the Natural/Real Realm would be the five senses and five fingers. The five senses part is used to gain knowledge of the world and worldly wage. The five fingers are the deeds that are done. What pertain to the Religious, Spiritual, Christian Realm would be the faith in the five wounds of Christ would be Fealty and Force. Fealty is the faithfulness in the five wounds of Christ. Force or the force in battle is inspired by the five joys of Mary. What pertain to the Chivalric Realm are Beneficence, Brotherly Love & Truth, Pure Mind, Manners, and Pite. Beneficence pertains to the generosity that the knight bestows. Brotherly Love & Truth pertains to the fellowship and truth in which the knight bestows. Pure Mind pertains to the chastity that the knight shows through his encounters with women and their temptations. Manners per tains to the courtesy that the knight shows to the people that he comes upon. Pite, or piety, pertains to the compassion that the knight shows when he encounters different situations. (GP) The narrator defines Gawain as being: ? in good works, as gold unalloyed, devoid of all villainy, with virtues adorned in sight. (Ll. 633-635) This basically states that he was a model of a good guy. He kept himself out of trouble, we know this by reason of the narrator stating that Gawain was the Devoid of all villainy. This statement says that Gawain is lacking in any sort of evil. It seems to be that the Green Knight symbolically represents a villainous being that crashes in on a party to play a medieval Russian Roulette. In doing so causes an upheaval among the Knights of the Round Table. The Green Knight storms in and asks someone to chop his head off. At this part of the story it seems quite questionable as to his reasons for doing so. Gawain responds to the beheading game challenge in a humble, yet heroic sense. After the Green Knight barges into King Arthur's court and criticizes the Knights of the Round Table saying, Where is now your arrogance and your awesome deeds? for all cower and quake?(l. 87, 91) The Green Knight is now saying that the Knights of the Round Table are cowards. He is calling them out. The only one to accept the challenge is Arthur strictly to show that he is not a coward. Just as Arthur is about to decapitate the Green Knight Gawain speaks up and says, I beseech, before all here, that this melee may be mine. (l. 115-116) Here Gawain is speaking up and telling Arthur that if anyone will do this that it will be him. Gawain shows a great deal of courage in accepting this challenge for the reason that no one else, aside from Arthur, would except the challenge. Gawain finds hospitality and shelter at the castle of Bercilak, unbeknownst to Gawain, the Green Knight. Bercilak made an agreement that whatever I win in the woods I will give you at eve, and all you have earned you must

The eNotes Blog Your Major Isnt All thatMajor

Your Major Isnt All thatMajor Yippee! You’re going to COLLEGE! You’re probably getting hours and hours of sleep because you don’t spend any time at all mulling over all the new, unknown, big, scary things that come bundled up in that word ‘college.’ No, you haven’t started thinking about your future or your career or what all that means for your next four years. You haven’t started thinking about leaving home (if you are), either, or leaving your friends. You’re dandy. You’re just great. You are so excited. Genuinely amped. Ready to go. You feel like you just want to give everyone high fives. Except, that’s not true at all. That’s actually laughable. I know, you know, we all know that you are also (and I am definitely understating this): scared out of your wits. You’ve got the heebie-jeebies- those annoying willies. Your stomach is essentially a butterfly conservatory. You spend a lot of your free time exclaiming things like: â€Å"WHAT IS GOING ON?† Or†¦ â€Å"HOW AM I SUPPOSED TO KNOW WHAT I WANT TO DO WHEN I GROW UP?† But mostly†¦ â€Å"AHHHHHH.† Yep. Guess what? You’re normal. This is normal. College is a huge adjustment. Somehow, though, all of us college-goers come out alive, smiling, and never wanting to leave. So be soothed. This will be the best time of your life. Now, I know my words of wisdom won’t actually be heeded at the moment, so I won’t keep spouting nostalgic, reflective, awesome statements about college. What I will do is give you some tips on how to gain appropriate perspective on your undergraduate education. We’re going to talk about (dun dun dunnnn†¦): YOUR MAJOR. Hear me when I say: YOU WANT TO READ THIS. It’s okay to change it. Multiple times. Some of you know exactly what you want to study, maybe what career path you want to go down. You’re pretty sure you’ve got it all figured out. If you’re nodding your head right now, this piece of wisdom is for you: you may be surprised. Some of you will keep on that initial path. You’ll start taking classes in your particular major, you’ll enjoy it, you’ll sit in the front row, hang out with your professors in office hours, and you’ll just keep on keepin’ on until you graduate. Some of you, though, will find that you don’t actually like what you thought you would. You’re bored, you’re confused, you’re sleeping (and snoring) in class, and you just aren’t that into it. For you guys, and for those who start off college undeclared, I implore you to feel comfortable and at ease trying new things until something fits. You do it when you shop, you can do it when you study. You wouldn’t buy an extremely expensive outfit without trying it on first, would you? So why buy an education (which is, you know, sort of pricey) without trying some stuff out first? Think about it. Some of you might be worried about what â€Å"other people† will think. I want to tell you that no one will judge you if you change it up a bit. They will actually praise you for caring about the education you are getting (who’s the cool kid on campus now?). As long as you monitor your units, requirements, etc. throughout your college career, you should have no problem. Have no fear, you are not alone! Counselors can help you with this process, too! It doesn’t define your career. Oh my goodness, what did she just say? THAT IS BLASPHEMOUS! I have a lot of friends who want to be doctors. They’ve taken their pre-requisites for medical school, sure, but do you know how many of them are actually majoring in things like physiological sciences, biology, biochemistry, neuroscience, etc.? Practically none. Many have picked majors like history and English. The same goes for some of my friends who chose to go to law school. Your major matters because hopefully it reflects your interests. Hopefully, you are studying something you really want to be studying. That may or may not lead to a career in that field. You may even (like my aspiring-doctor-buds) get the chance to study two subjects (Wow!). I changed my major three times (almost four†¦no shame), am currently studying psychology, and don’t intend to be a psychologist. Nuts, right? Your options are endless. The main point is†¦ Don’t let yourself be scared by the constricting appearance of a word like ‘major.’ It’s not going to constrict you unless you want it to and you let it. With enough determination you can always pull strings here and there and maneuver stealthily through your undergraduate experience to create whatever experience you want. Honestly. Just look at college as a time to figure out what really makes you tick- what you really want to spend time learning about. Maybe you will be inspired to continue that study later on in life, and maybe you won’t. There’s nothing wrong with either of these situations. So take the leap, step into the unknown, jump into the ocean, let your spirit fly! (That got excessive fairly quickly†¦my bad.) Point is: try new things, explore a little bit. You’ll be better than fine. I promise. Okay, okay†¦ I pinky promise.

The X and the Y Theories of Management Research Paper

The X and the Y Theories of Management - Research Paper Example Some leaders consider the role of decision making as solely theirs and engage no one else even when the issue at hand requires them to do so. Such managers allow no flexibility on the workers and expect them to follow the set guidelines. Other leaders are accommodating and therefore, give some level of independence to their employees, encourage teamwork, involve employee’s opinions in decision-making and often delegate duties. The X and Y theories are based on assumptions that human personality and behaviors differ and play a major role in determining the appropriate management styles to be applied. This paper focuses on the different management theories applied in managing different job types. The X theory by McGregor posits that management should intervene on the performance of its employees. This is by controlling their activities, altering their behaviors to guarantee their actions, are in line with wants of the organization, as well as inspiring them to ensure they direct all their effort towards progression of the organization (Fisher 12-17). The theory explain this by claiming that most human beings, hate responsibilities, dislike work, have no ambition, and thus require to be directed and sometimes threatened to work effectively. Another argument to support this theory is that people resist change, put their own needs above those of the organization, and value their security beyond all other things. Leaders using this theory in management frequently turn out to be autocratic (Stewart 2). The Y theory on the other hand, claims that people are not dormant and are always willing to direct their efforts towards the success of the organizations. However, the management is insensitive to their need of appropriate working environment. This would enable them grow individually and be in a position to contribute to organizational growth. The theory further argues that most employees prefer rewards to satisfy their self-esteem by encouraging them to be inve ntive, and imaginative other than work related rewards. Such rewards make the employee to feel secure and more committed to their work. Neither the X nor the Y theory is good or bad because they apply to different types of jobs and work settings. However when applied in wrong job settings, conflicts could arise in the management. Usage of theory Y by some managers can cause them loose control and being incapable of making final decisions as required. Theory Y could result in the manager being too judgmental on the doings of employees (Stewart 3). The X theory is applicable in a number of job types especially in the public service where organization structures obligate only those in higher administrative ranks to make and oversee implementation of policies. Revenue collection authorities are a good example of managements that follow the X theory. They fear that not only the citizens but also their employees may possibly cheat on them. They assume that employees are untrustworthy and thus try to monitor, supervise, and, control their operations. The employees end up wasting plenty of time writing reports to validate their decisions (Barnett web). They therefore, underperform, which emphasizes the manager’s mentality that they are incompetent. In military and most of the police departments, the superiors give orders that all those under them have to carry out without questioning their

WEEK 1 APPLICATION 1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

WEEK 1 APPLICATION 1 - Essay Example they have put in place necessary tools to enable distribution of knowledge, For instance, by putting various incentives and performance management programs, human resource department believe that workers are motivated enough to share knowledge. Other department follow suit by putting measures to either collect data or encourage workers to form occupational communities to distribute knowledge. The assumption that workers can willingly share their hard-won knowledge because of the above motivators is not true. An interview with 43 knowledge workers revealed that intrinsic motivators like job insecurity, altruistic sharing, social ties, and professionalism make workers share their knowledge. In addition, enlightened self-interest and performance reviews are extrinsic motivators to sharing of knowledge. At times, workers fail to share genuine knowledge with their colleagues because of job insecurity, to protect one’s competitive edge, personal traits, confidentiality, and lack of sharing culture. Additionally, acceptance of knowledge motivates workers to share it. The age of the persons sharing knowledge is an important motivator

Death And Dying Changing Attitudes Through The Ages Sociology Essay

Death And Dying Changing Attitudes Through The Ages Sociology Essay The death process is permanent and predictable and it is known as the personal event that the person can never think. The history of deaths has been looked upon events of social importance and each and every culture has defined some rules and regulations to define death as an extraordinary passage and the way to deal with the outcomes. At the time of twentieth century, the terminology death along with its social definition has transformed and prepared extraordinary opportunities for the purpose of getting sociological inquiry. The decline in the mortality rate has been identified as most common feature within the social histories. Life expectancy rate the time of birth has increased from last 30 years in 1900 to 50 years.  Ã‚  It has been stated that almost two third part of longevity from ancient times to the present times has occurred in the short period from 1900 (Preston, 1976).  Ã‚   Death has been an inevitable event since the inception of mankind in this universe. There is always the worry among individuals towards the life and well being. The individuals are worried at one or the other instance for living their lives. Therefore, it becomes crucial to understand what are the exact factors related to death and dying of humanity. An individual, if not dies, can result in disturbance of life cycle of this globe. This is not under the control of anyone to make amendments in this life cycle. The report here titled as, Death and dying: Changing attitudes through the ages; discusses about various factors that are affecting the lives of individuals. Report begins here with a clear focus laid on the aims of the report followed by research questions to understand the topic thoroughly. Various factors had been found of importance to be studied. There has always been a question in mind whether and how an individual behaves towards death and is it considered a positive aspect or not. How the individuals are are fear of death and what the right time of death is. These all aspects are explored in the report in below sections to have a thorough control over the research topic. 2 Aims and Research Question The research report here aims to understand the struggle that human being is facing since centuries. The change in philosophy associated with life is the main cause of change in attitude of human beings towards death. One can explore further this death on relating it with the time period in the life of human history. The western world has increasingly shifted towards change in conception for death due to rise in Christianity and the way it has affected lives (Aries, 1974). Therefore, the below are few stated research questions to explore further the concept of death and dying and the changing attitude:- Is death good or bad? How the attitude of individuals has changed towards death and dying? Is the man of today more worried against death? What is the right time of death? The discussion in this report would analyze various associated concepts to explore further the concept of death and dying in todays life. 3 Discussion Most of the deaths have occurred among the old aged ones but not among young generation people. The studies in United States reveal that people at the age of 85 years and above has accounted for almost one percent of entire population and they account for 17% of death (J. Brody, 1983). So the deaths have taken new meanings for the society and individual both. Death is not known as an adventitious part of life (Parson, 1963). Smaller number of lives has cut before completing education, work and social life (Preston, 1977). Fatalism provides a higher degree of control as well as predictability (Cf. Lofland, 1978). The delay in the death process has come up with the speed. The social institutions and norms have delayed it. It is not much surprising that death and its social meaning has gone off and the proper understanding of death has been reassessed by sociologists. From past two decades, a considerable literature as a quasi popular and scholarly type has been generated by number of p eople such as journalists, nurses, psychologists, philosophers, theologians, historians, ethicists, sociologists, social critics and thanatologists (cf. Fulton 1976, 1981; Pollak 1979-80).  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The word dying is called as the ultimate shortage of time by Moore (1963) and it has taken a most important point that it has the power to threaten an individual self.  Ã‚  A famous person has given his  view on the sociological study of death that death always asks for an identity of an individual (Robert Fulton, 1976a).  Dying is known as the social process that focuses on the sociological issues that  are concerned with the process of dying and self. Researches have not clearly shown the actual conditions of dying. But one British study has talked about the dying among the patients who are living in this world and among the people who are known of their own attitude (Cartwright, Hockey Anderson, 1973).  Ã‚  The attitude of people towards death varies according to the ages and stages of life. Most of the people are living into later years and they have their own predicted on time deaths. A growing number of people are present at the position to consider the sense of thei r own deaths. Some sociologists have identified themselves engaged in the questions which are related to the death and its social meaning and its relation with the process of dying that how the topic of death is of great importance. What type of attitudes about death people have in their mind? What type of preparations they make for anticipating death (Riley, 1968)? The first survey in United States have found the attitude of people towards death and that survey was conducted in 1960s (Riley, 1970). That study has assessed the thought about deaths that most of the people at the all ages have non-threatening images of death in their mind. It has found that death is a blessing and it is not dreadful event for the person who dies but it is very sad for the survivors. The study also has revealed that death comes very quickly and few people have argued that death means the people have to suffer a lot. There was significant increase found in the degree to which the deaths process imposed upon the everyday lives of people. People were asked about an uncertainty of deaths or their lives. It has been found that death as a part of thoughts increased among the person at all ages and it increased in the later years of the lives of people. The researchers have found that people are unwilling meet with these realities. In 1970s, people agreed that each person die with the dignity and if the person has died, then the person has to tell it to doctors. Some studies have also taken place within the topic of anticipation of death. There was one question asked that do the people feel good to avoid the deaths and not try to make plans for anticipating deaths? Do they feel to make plans for death?  Ã‚   3.1 Self destruction The case of the sociological relationships of the person to the death which is known as suicide was taken. There were some sociological studies conducted on the topic dying and death (Cavan 1928; Halbwachs 1930; Henry Short 1954; Dublin 1963; Gibbs Martin 1964; Douglas 1967). Several studies have taken place on the social factors that are related with the rates of suicide. Several measures were taken such as industrialization which was identified by the gross national product and the status of integration. It has been founds that status integration was negatively correlated with the suicide rates.  Ã‚  Other study revealed about the suicide rates which were related with the family and their marital status and it was based on Durkheim theory.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   3.2 Self management of death time It has been stated by several studies that people who are concerned with the relationship of themselves to the society are self motivated for managing the time of their deaths. It has assumed that the determination to live the life without identifying any biological linkages. It must b involved within thistopic (Marshall, 1980).  Ã‚  The people who are separated from the society always commit suicide and the people who are attached with it, delay the death or try to observe the time of getting social significance (Kalish, 1970). It has been proposed that deaths can be expected at the time of social occasions such as the Jewish day of compensation (Yom Kippur; Phillips Feldman, 1973).  From the year 1904-1968, researcher had found the difference between the deaths in non election as well as election years. They found that there was significant difference in the mortality rates of US people before electing US president. Some researchers have shown the fact about the low mortality rates just before to ceremonial occasions and the researcher found strong relationships between the death and the birthdays. The theory was that the people at their birthdays receive attention from the people (Philips, 1972).  Ã‚   3.3 Social Stressors and the Self Several sociological studies have talked about the social outcome for the lives of people along with fundamental changes during the period of industrial relocations, retirement, and institutionalization and at the time of economic depression. The mortality rates depend on these variables. It has been predicted that retirement is known as a stressful event which lead the higher rates of death for retirees as compared to the people who works. Life long work is considered as the stressor and retirement variable acts as the moderator that increases longevity. It has been revealed by the studies that mortality rate among the early and normal retirees within the major industries are different. The mortality rate of early retiree was higher than the predicted rates. The mortality rate in case of normal retirees was no different between the normal and expected rates. Some data was taken out from the companies such as pension, medical records, personnel etc. 4 Findings 4.1 Death is good? If you are born to this world, you are probable completely to experience death at one time or the other because death is inevitable. The point is whether death is a good thing to experience or is it a bad one? Everyone living in this society faces death at one or the other instance. No one is born eternal. An individual dies and ends his or her life at certain age due to natural or accidental death (Lynch, 1997). There are thousands of ways in which a human being can die. This death adds to the fear in mind of humanity. Human beings fear of this uneven cause at one or the other time. Death is acceptable for some people, while others fear against death (Nagel, 1970). The pain and fear of death can be dangerous. At such an instance, it becomes important to result in an approach to ensure that a person lives for long; however, the human beings have no control over this mandatory part of life that results into end of life. A human being feels comfortable considering death is for all and there is no loss of it if anyone faces it. All the human beings have to face death one or the other day. The human beings shall live their days and take complete enjoyment of it. One shall not be worried for his death at the entire instance, but shall be aware of comfort and enjoyment throughout his life. Humanity has to take due interest of this and live his life. While on looking at other side, people consider life as most important asset for them. Life is of supreme importance and there is the life is priceless. Therefore, it brings into attention whether life is most important for one? Yes it is as per the point that life is everything for a human being and the loss of life means the greatest loss that can be in ones life. There is no positive or negative aspect associated with it though. Human beings give away everything for the sake of life. This brings into attention the importance of life. Shall we live our life without any tension or shall we keep on worrying because of no importance of life? It is true that all the human beings want to live more and more. But, can one live for eternity? None of the human beings is here to be here. The life cycle keeps on rotating and the human beings die. Thus, from the above discussion it can be noted that the point whether death is good is a complex point to be cleared. It is not easy to find the right way in which we can consider whether death is good for a person or if it is not. There comes the need to assist in the way to come up to know whether death is good or not (Nagel, 1970). If the age has gone for an individual to live, the death could be a favourable point for him. However, it is still tough to say that death can be good. On the other hand, in case someone dies due to an accident or any uncertain reason, it is an unfavourable act for him. 4.2 Death- A change in Perception Death has been a point of sorrow since long when the conceptual designs by Holbein demonstrated the paintings of dead Christ with a sorrowful act (Julia, 1989). The perception of individual towards the death changes with the passage of time. For a child, death is not defined. However, in the adulthood, it becomes a fear factor for most of the human beings. The human beings consider it as the real cause of danger at their stage when the love to live. Therefore, individuals perception is quite conservative at this stage. However, the old aged people are not usually worried of death due to the reason that they already lived their life. Nagel (1970) has argued that people do not fear for death because of non existence for long term because of this. One does not consider life as suspended for a short period of time because this is considered as a misfortune. It can be a pity for those who get out of the circulation of life. One is not conceived, but is born for once. The point always exists in mind for the fear of death in humanity. Being dead is not an event but a curse as per the humanity. The consideration is laid on living for the whole life without any risk. However, the risks are always related with the life. One cannot be at a state of complete risk free life. The time does not demonstrate whether the state of life would be at complete risk free state. Therefore, the need exists at such an instance to life for the society. As per the interviews conducted by Barnes (2008), responses were collected with regard to existence of God. These provided the details of self reflection along with clarifying important them es of writings. Barnes (2008) says that he does not trust for existence of God, but he misses God. 4.3 Man of today- Worried of death The man in todays life is more worried of death (Julian, 2008). On looking at the past records of Renaissance and mediaeval times, it can be noted that death was amongst the community events. The family members band together with each other to share the moments of sorrow at such an instance. This helps them be with each other at typical instances. This was considered as the reason for being together. However, the concept has changed into a religion in todays time. None of the character is rigid in itself right from the beginning to the end, as there are continuous changes in thought process (Troyer, 2007). Today, it is usual to share the moments of sorrow with each other at hospital to share the tough times with each other. This helps in confining the complex situation with each other to give some support in these times. However, the fear of death is one and the same on comparing time of past and that of present. The death is such an instance which gets out of the scope of an understanding of human being. This even can occur anytime and anywhere with anyone, no matter what the situation and setting is with the surrounding. An individual conceives death as a complex phenomenon. The death has been a point of worry right from the time it was recorded long- long ago when the humanity started. It is a simple concept in everyones mind that life is the cause of joys and death is the cause of sorrows. There is a paradigm shift in the concept associated with death. This was the concept quite personal in historic times, but has become individualistic at present instance. This raises the need for higher degree of need for maintaining and regulating the tough situations to assure that the mankind is out of danger. If an individual gets ready to face the time of death, he can do so. The human psychology is the main factor that can result in death or life of a human being (Michel, 2003). The perception of an individual depends on his life and profession with regard to death. Doctors and nurses who are operating surrounded by death of people all around one or the other day, consider this as the normal phenomenon at usual instance, while others take it as a tough one. The main factor is the relatedness of death with the person who is suffering from it. This characteristic affects the humanity in one or the other way. 4.4 Dreadful act- Is there right time for it There has always been a conception in mind, what is the right age for death? One considers life as an important part right from his birth to the time the human being leaves his life (Nagel, 1970). Therefore, the life of humanity is always a good opt for individuals. But, one looking at the real life, we can note a number of events when the individual wishes to leave his life due to some or the other reason. This acts against the humanity and the living being gives up against his life. This may be at early stages of life or might take place at later stages. When an individual feels uncomfortable of his body and physique, the chances are there for taking an interest of ending ones life. However, these chances even increases more when the human being is not comfortable mentally due to some or the other reason. This acts quite badly against the humanity and the life is at risk. The death is an imminent part of ones life as one cannot survive always. The most common components associated with life are death, vision, and premonitions (Crissman, 1994). The situation of promotions are not easy to be faced as it is the time when one knows that he is going to die within short span. This is the main factor that acts against the life and well being. The person gets worried due to this factor. This knowing of the situation can be due to some magical reason, or be supernatural, or through the natural sign or inner conviction (Crissman, 1994). The condition rises to take due care of such an instance; else the chances are there for risk against life and well being. Thereon, the humanity survives only due to the situational success (Bryant, 2003). However, historic people were during the Appalachian culture focused more depending on superstition. 5 Conclusion For the topic titled as, Death and dying: Changing attitudes through the age, the topic was noted to be highly complex in actual sense. It was found that the researchers are contributing well to the research topic since the last century. This demonstrates high degree of interest among the individuals towards this concept. The death is always under the consideration to postpone because of increasing awareness and interest among individuals to live their lives. There is always the moral dilemma related to the euthanasia among individuals. However, the case of fear is increasingly getting over the lives. Increasingly individuals get involved in wrongful act. This has raised the accidents of suicides to a higher degree. The death in todays time has shifted towards being more and more deadly. Individuals take more interest in being attracted towards enlarged life. However, the change in attitude of man is still not much different as compared to that of historic times. There is still the importance laid on lives and humanity. This raised the attention among individuals to live for longer duration. On the other hand, the complex lives in todays time has resulted in increased the complexity of humanity. This further adds to the pressure on the mind of individuals leading them to depression and thus resulting in wrongful acts. There is no time for death until the end of hope of an individual. This point out increasing interest among individuals to live and enjoy their lives with not much interest laid on the other factors. The fear against death is therefore a phenomenon which does not seem to decrease even after decades. Individuals would be keeping living their lives for more and more years, in spite of this being an uncontrollable variable for individuals.

The macroenvironmantal forces affect the banking industry are socia…

Social forces include the demographic features of the population and its value.DemographicAge constructionOne of import tendency is the shifting age construction of the universe ‘s population, as aging is now a phenomenon realized by people around the universe.Families and FamilyThe figure of families has been turning, as the family size has correspondingly been worsening. Besides, there appears to be an addition in the figure of double-income household.Population ShiftsAs a consequence of the over-development and congestion of the metropolis centre, antecedently rural country are been urbanised which caused big proportions of Asiatic population reallocated from metropolis centres to suburbs. Shifts from place to foreign states are besides common.CultureA 2nd societal force, civilization, incorporates the set of values, thoughts and attitudes that are learned and shared among the members of a group.The altering attitudes and Roles of Men and WomenResearch suggests that the bulk or grownups today believe work forces and adult females should every bit portion most duties.Beliefs, Values and HabitsThe values of the population alteration with the demographics of the people who hold these values. Peoples who are more educated live a busy life style which indicates that they place great importance on efficiency and the up-to-date information. The increasing average age population implies the bulk would be more mature when apportioning incomes. The addition in the figure of double-income twosomes consequences in turning accent on the togetherness of a household which implies higher values on leisure clip spent as household. A alteration in ingestion orientation is besides evident. Today, and for the foreseeable hereafter, value consciousness will drive ingestion behaviour.Economic and Regulatory ForcesThe economic system pertains to the income, outgos, and resources that affect the cost of running a concern and family. Regulation consists of limitations that Torahs in different Asiatic states place on concern with respect to the behavior of its activities.Business and Consumer ExpectationsOf peculiar concern at the macroeconomic degree is the inflationary or recessive province of the economic system. During the most recent fiscal crisis started in 2007, the banking industry suffered immense losingss. Although a batch of marks indicate that the economic system is retrieving, people presents are still non so confident about the hereafter.LiberalizationAs a consequence of globalisation, liberalisation in trade and investing is encouraged in order to ease international interactions in economic and societal spheres by diplomatic coordination of ordinances and criterions. As a consequence, the economic system is more dynamic and efficient which becomes easier for states to pull foreign direct investing.Increasing Regulations on Banking IndustryDue to the fiscal crisis, many states are set uping more ordinances that decrease the potency to gain net incomes from investings and other activities at Bankss in order to protect both the clients and the Bankss.Technological ForcesTechnology refers to innovations or inventions from applied scientific discipline or technology research. Each new moving ridge of technological invention can replace existing merchandises and companies.Electronic Business TechnologiesIn the past two decennaries, consumers are going much more reliant on on-line direction of their bank histories as the figure of places and concerns basking broadband entree to the Internet has reached true mass-market range. With the increasing universe ‘s cellular telephone endorser base, the lower phone monetary values and the expand of cellular service, a genuinely radical moving ridge of nomadic phones that can pull off fiscal histories is easy taking root all over the universe. However, with the edification of the Internet has arisen the issue of cyber security, another technological alteration to which the banking industry has had to react.DeductionObviously, the indicant of an aging population has brought about significant growing in nest eggs and retirement programs. Smaller families and double-income households lead to higher discretional incomes that can be saved or invested. Therefore, in the banking industry, sellers should offer more nest eggs and investing history options which enables consumers to choose the most appropriate program that can be personalized to outdo suit themselves. Due to the alone attitudes, lineage, communicating penchants and life styles of different groups harmonizing to coevals cohorts, genders and so on, the banking industry may develop different selling plans. As, the engineering develops, Bankss should see offering a comprehensive scope of services, such as screening and doing minutess, paying measures, online and by cell phone in order to supply convenience for clients so as to derive clients. Furthermore, for clients ‘ histories safety, Bankss should make more unafraid systems and give instructions on how to protect one ‘s history. Sing population displacements, set uping more subdivisions decently with respect to the bank size and mark clients would be a wise pick. One of import scheme can be offering clients foreign currency histories reacting to the addition in foreign currency usage. Another notable scheme would be developing on-line nest eggs histories for the adolescents due to the increasing degree of instruction. From this, Bankss can farther educate the young person and promote fiscal direction, and develop future trueness clients Banks should develop low-risk investing plans as people are still non so confident about the future economic system. An epoch of much lower risk-taking by traditional loaners has begun that will last for old ages. As consumers are going more value witting, the banking industry will go more competitory. Banks have to vie on value of their services in order to acquire clients who are necessitating more transparence when taking merchandise. Greatly increased regulative inadvertence will curtail loaners and investing companies of all types. Alternative loaning beginnings will be used to a turning grade by little concerns and some consumers unable to acquire loans elsewhere. 2.Responses and remarks:Maybank has done the following in response to the macroenvironmental alterations. Deciding whether the response is appropriate or non, we need to see whether there are demands and wants for it, whether it is aiming the right group, whether there are points of difference, and whether Maybank would be more likely to make its end by executing the response. Offering a figure of nest eggs and investing history options such as the Gold Savings Passbook Account and Flexi Plan 2. This response is appropriate as it responded to growing in nest eggs and retirement programs. Furthermore, different options can provide to different group of people which will broaden the bank ‘s mark clients. Pioneering on-line nest eggs histories for the teenage market by developing the â€Å" imteen † history. â€Å" imteen † history is a good thought as through Multi-tiered involvement rate, Passbookless, Convenient ATM entree, Online entree, Free Personal Accident ( PA ) coverage, Academic Cash wagess, Maybank will pull parents who want their kids ( 12-18y ) to larn to pull off their finance with little hazard, and earn future clients. Establishing subdivisions throughout Asia part every bit good as the universe. As Maybank ‘s concerns are chiefly in South East Asia, it is non advisable for it to establish a batch of subdivisions outside Asia as it will non be profitable in the short tally. In add-on, since the universe is still in the shadow of crisis, Maybank should concentrate more on regain trusts from clients alternatively of spread outing its concerns rapidly. Developing the low-maintenance Premier Club history for â€Å" persons who are invariably on the spell † This response is appropriate since it satisfies the demands of people who are busy and in demand of current events and state of affairss. Offering its clients its scope of foreign currency histories which minimize the hazard of foreign exchange rate fluctuations. This action is appropriate as it sets clear targeted sections and attempts to fulfill their demands and wants of interchanging foreign currency easy and often. Offering a comprehensive scope of services that is accessible online while implementing the Transaction Authorisation Code system to make a more unafraid environment. These responses are evidently right as they meet clients ‘ demands and wants of doing minutess and other services online handily and safely. Offering many services accessible by cell phone. Using M-money to carry on services which is promoted to be unafraid and convenient. Maybank needs to be careful when implementing the engineering. Although nomadic banking makes banking services possible everyplace, there are still a batch of challenges. First, Maybank have to happen ways to fulfill clients with different nomadic phones since it is really hard for Bankss to offer nomadic banking solution on any type of device. Second, security of fiscal minutess, being executed from distant locations and transmittal over the air, need to be addressed jointly by nomadic application developers, radio web service suppliers and the Bankss ‘ IT sections. Third, another challenge for Maybank is to scale-up the nomadic banking substructure to manage exponential growing of the client base as Bankss unable to run into the clients ‘ increasing outlooks from the solution may lose client assurance.Other responses:Reacting to the altering attitudes and functions of work forces and adult females, Maybank should develop banking services catering to both genders. As indicated in the text edition, in Singapore, the United Overseas Bank launched a recognition card merely for ladies under the advertisement subject, â€Å" The Men Do n't Get It. † Maybank should spread out its female client group by supplying particular services like publicities on watering place, shopping, dining, and traveling and so on. The tendency of value consciousness leads to Maybank analysing the market more carefully. Maybe it should add low-fee recognition cards in response to this new orientation. In order to gain money and minimise the hazard when loaning, Maybank should seek to develop new ways to do loans to clients. For illustration, enabling loaning by and between members of loaning nines, or between friends and household. 3. Some of the macroenvironmental forces impacting other industries are the similar to those in the banking industry, while some are different.Similarities:For societal environment, demographic forces about affect every industry greatly. For illustration, age construction will act upon vesture industry by make up one's minding what manners of apparels to bring forth, and will impact nutrient industry on their scheme about what facet should they concentrate on, gustatory sensations, Calorie, or eating environment. It will besides impact computing machine industry by clients ‘ demands and wants altering among different age groups. With respect to economic forces, globalisation is an of import tendency. It has led to the rise of monolithic transnational nutrient processing companies, which frequently sell their nutrients under local names in local linguistic communications, after bring forthing them in regional mills worldwide. Due to globalisation, more and more local apparels trade names are known to the universe and design, production, and merchandising can be done in different states. The Computer industry is a genuinely globalized sector, where research, development and fabrication of constituents and systems have grown in the labs and fabrication workss of chiefly Asia states. When it comes to political environment, political hazards matter likewise to about all industries, as they need licences, protection for belongingss in foreign states, and turning away of societal agitation. In footings of engineering forces, about every industry is affected greatly nowadays. In vesture industry, the sweeping alteration in dress retailing is the lifting success of e-commerce which increases efficiency. Meanwhile, in nutrient industry, engineering has revolutionized the manner that we grow, conveyance, procedure, bundle, purchase and cook nutrient. There is no difference in banking industry as indicated above. Most significantly, engineering is indispensable to computing machine industry, non merely because of its ain development, but besides the other matching techniques such as Wi-Fi, and Internet contraptions.Differences:From my point of position, all macroenvironmental forces will impact all industries. The difference lies in to what widen they affect the industry. Some may be bantam and sellers do non necessitate to alter schemes, some may immense which force sellers to react. As for political environment, different Torahs impact otherwise to different industries. On one manus, Patent jurisprudence, copyright jurisprudence and other related Torahs are really of import to many industries as they give discoverers or author the right to protect their rational belongingss. It is particularly of import in computing machine industry, as the nucleus of InfoTech is creative activity and wisdom. Besides, in vesture industry, the increasing accent on right of first publication would forestall others from copying the design. However the consequence would non be so important in banking and nutrient industry. On the other manus, the Torahs and ordinances sing wellness are really important to nutrient industry. Sing societal forces, civilization plays an of import function in many industries. However, they may non be as powerful in banking industries as they are in other industries. For nutrient industry, people ‘s purchases of nutrient mostly depend on their eating wonts. However, as people are paying more attending to wellness and fittingness, it may necessitate to alter its focal point from gustatory sensation to take down Calorie or full nutrition. In vesture industry, civilization chiefly determines what a group of people would have on. Besides, as the addition concern on wellness, people have developed a acute involvement in athleticss dress and exercise cogwheel. On the other manus, for banking and computing machine industries, the consequence of civilization may non be that important.Deduction:Before doing determinations on market schemes, sellers should first transport out a careful environmental scanning analysing the chief forces that affect the industry significantly and t hat should concentrate on. It is besides advisable for sellers to detect all the other undistinguished forces in instance as the society develops, they become important adequate to impact the industry.

Marlow in Conrad’s Heart of Darkness

In Heart of Darkness Conrad tries to deal with issues which are almost inexpressible.   The mysterious effect of the jungle wilderness on Kurtz, and on Marlow himself, puzzles the imagination and bewilders the understanding.   We might ask why Conrad chooses to tell the story through the character of Marlow, rather than simply to set it as a first person narrative.   The story is, in fact, about Kurtz, and about the way that contact with the primitive touches on the reality beneath human civilization, but it is also part of Marlow’s autobiography.Marlow is a character, not just a narrative voice, and his characterization enables us to judge and understand what he tells us.   He stands for certain impressive values – the practicality of the seaman’s life, the belief in the value of work, the refusal to judge too quickly, and the calmness of mind which allows him to consider and respond to the ambiguities in Kurtz’s experience. With his detached and skeptical manner, the fruit of a life among practical things, he makes the extraordinary story as believable as is possible.   We do not identify with him exactly, and he is not simply the voice of Conrad, but he is a convincing and unpretentious narrator who offers us glimpses into the ineffable.Much of the earlier part of the novel is concerned with establishing Marlow’s character and credentials as a narrator.   The actual narrator who speaks on the first page tells us that Marlow is the sort of seaman who is â€Å"trustworthiness personified† (5).   But he is â€Å"not typical† (8) in that â€Å"to him the meaning of an episode was not inside like a kernel but outside, enveloping the tale† (8), which perhaps prepares us for Marlow’s attempt to convey to us the scale of his experience and its importance.   The maritime traditions and habits of mind are central to Marlow.   He values work over fantasy.   At the jungle station â€Å"I went to work†¦ In that way only it seemed to me I could keep my hold on the redeeming facts of life† (33), which is a vital and mature desire in him.   His instincts are to reject nonsense and absurdity and stick to the real.Talking to the ridiculous agent at the station, â€Å"this papier-mà ¢chà © Mephistopheles† (37), he tells us of his horror of lies, not because he is particularly virtuous, but because â€Å"there is a taint of death, a flavour of mortality in lies – which is exactly what I hate and detest in the world† (38-9).   The agent’s insinuating invitation to Marlow to accept his petty corruptions meets with an instinctive shudder that speaks for his integrity.   Every man wants to get on, says the agent. â€Å"What more did I want? What I really wanted was rivets, by heaven!   Rivets.   To get on with the work† (40).   There is something wonderfully refreshing about such healthy disgust, and this contributes largely to our readiness to listen to Marlow as the tale reaches its most critical stages.It was a relief, he says to get back to the work of repairing the steamboat, not because he actually likes labor, â€Å"but I like what is in the work, – the chance to find yourself.   Your own reality†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (41). A powerful moment for him is the discovery in the riverside hut of Towson’s manual on seamanship, which, in the middle of the chaotic world of the jungle, gives him â€Å"a delicious sensation of having come upon something unmistakably real† (54), for the real is what he longs for, as the guarantee of sanity and purpose.   It reassures him that the book has been studied and cared for, the spine â€Å"lovingly stitched afresh with white cotton thread† (54) and the margin annotated with what he thinks is cipher but later discovers to be Russian.If Marlow’s integrity and devotion to the real is created thoroughly, so are his attitudes to wh at he experiences before he meets Kurtz.   Conrad gives him a style that is consistent.   He is skeptical, a little sardonic, and down-to earth.   He tells how he worked on his relations to try to ensure that he could go to Africa:The men said â€Å"My dear Fellow,† and did nothing.   Then – would you believe it? – I tried the women.   I, Charlie Marlow, set the women to work – to get a job.   Heavens!   Well, you see, the notion drove me.   I had an aunt, a dear enthusiastic soul.   She wrote: â€Å"It will be delightful†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (12)The voice is familiar, humorous and unaffected, and we feel every reason to trust what he says.   His devotion to the real makes him immediately sensitive to dishonesty and cant.   His view of â€Å"progress† is justifiably jaundiced.   The captain whom he replaces has been killed; â€Å"I heard the original quarrel arose from a misunderstanding about some hens† (13), and he is sur e that afterwards â€Å"the cause of progress got them, anyhow† (14).   His charge is â€Å"a two-penny-half-penny river steamboat with a penny whistle attached† (18) and he feels that his aunt talks â€Å"rot† when she describes him as â€Å"an emissary of light† (18).   He records the bizarre sight of a French warship lobbing shells into the jungle to destroy â€Å"enemies† (20).He is bewildered by the sight of the accountant at the station in his â€Å"high starched collar, white cuffs, a light alpaca jacket, snowy trousers†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (25) working alongside the black workmen who are dying in the grass.   He encounters a white man who has the job of maintaining the road.   He is drunk, and â€Å"Can’t say I saw any road or any upkeep, unless the body of a middle-aged negro, with a bullet-hole in the forehead, upon which I absolutely stumbled three miles further on, may be considered a permanent improvement† (29).   The man who tries to put out the fire in the store shed carries a bucket and declares â€Å"that everybody was ‘behaving splendidly, splendidly,’ dipped about a quart of water and tore back again.   I noticed there was a hole in the bottom of his pail† (33).Everywhere Marlow’s shrewd and ironical intelligence spots the signs of decay, corruption and self-deception.   The whole establishment at the jungle trading station is â€Å"unreal† (35), and when the manager starts canting about Marlow being â€Å"of the new gang – the gang of virtue† (36) â€Å"I nearly burst into a laugh† (36).   The whole experience has for him the insane logic of dream, â€Å"that commingling of absurdity, surprise, and bewilderment in a tremor of struggling revolt, that notion of being captured by the incredible which is the very essence of dreams†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (39).Such judgments and descriptions strike the reader as immensely observant and yet mo destly expressed.   Marlow feels fundamental decencies being abused by the colonial trading world, and it is hardly surprising that he becomes increasingly interested in Kurtz, who is clearly feared as well as despised by the other agents, largely because he has some sort of vision, a commodity seriously lacking in the ivory trading world.   Marlow’s convincing honesty and down-to-earth qualities even make Conrad’s symbolism easy to approach.The Fate-like knitting women in the Brussels office are entirely real as well as allusive.   One wears a dress â€Å"as plain as an umbrella cover† (14).   Marlow notes how the two women introduce many â€Å"to the unknown†¦ these two, guarding the door of Darkness, knitting black wool as for a warm pall† (16).   It is a rare and powerful effect, not clumsy, as it might have been, because we are so convinced by Marlow’s practical and realistic attitude.When it comes to the encounter with Kurtz we are therefore ready to give Marlow the benefit of the doubt as he reveals his own complex attitude to the man, and tries to explain what it is that Kurtz has seen and felt.   It is Kurtz’s idealism that first interests him, here in this nightmare place of unreason.   The other agents laugh at his hope that â€Å"Each station should be like a beacon on the road towards better things, a centre for trade of course, but also for humanising† (47).   At the same time Marlow cannot escape the thought that the savage figures seen on the bank are not inhuman, â€Å"the thought of your remote kinship with this wild and passionate uproar† (51) and we can see how he might understand how Kurtz’s own soul has been captured by the darkness.He finds that he wants to talk to Kurtz, even though he realizes as soon as he gets to Kurtz’s station that â€Å"He had taken a high seat among the devils of the land† (70), something Marlow knows will be almost impossible for his audience to understand; â€Å"How could you? – with solid pavement under your feet, surrounded by kind neighbours†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (70).   This is where Marlow’s story moves into the area of the incredible and the only partly expressible   Kurtz’s high-minded writings end suddenly with the savage cry â€Å"Exterminate all the brutes† (72).   The â€Å"brother seaman† talks of how Kurtz has inspired him – â€Å"I tell you†¦this man has enlarged my mind† (78).   But Marlow can only conclude â€Å"Why! He’s mad† (81) despite the Russian’s protests.The skulls are the evidence of his total breakdown, that the darkness â€Å"had whispered to him things about himself that he did no know† (83). The spell of the wilderness had awakened â€Å"forgotten and brutal instincts† (94) in him and dragged his soul â€Å"beyond the bounds of permitted aspirations† (95).   Marlow i s able to see Kurtz’s story as a tragedy.   His aim had been to â€Å"Live rightly, die, die† (99) but he had not known what was in himself, and Marlow’s readiness to stand by him at the end, even to rescue him in a way, rests on an awareness that Kurtz was not despicable, and that he himself might well respond in the same way.â€Å"He had made that last stride, he had stepped over the edge, while I had been permitted to draw back my hesitating foot† (101).   Back in Europe, like Gulliver, he is disgusted by his fellow man, â€Å"like the outrageous flauntings of folly in the face of a danger† (102), and he lies to Kurtz’s â€Å"intended† because neither she nor anyone else would be able to comprehend the truth.Marlow does not claim to know or understand everything.   It is the unassuming nature of his narrative stance that convinces us.   The â€Å"real† narrator calls the whole thing â€Å"one of Marlow’s inco nclusive experiences† (10). But no one could be omniscient with such a subject; Marlow only glimpses one of the great mysteries, and none of us is ever granted more than that.   What Conrad has done is to choose a narrative method and a type of narrator which conveys as well as possible immensely difficult things.Works CitedConrad, Joseph.   Heart of Darkness.   Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1973.