Islam Today Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Islam Today - Essay Example With the obliteration and disorder that accompanied the finish of the pioneer rule after World War 2, a significant part of the Islamic world turned into the casualty of degenerate systems, strict fanaticism, and remote mediation. As Edward Said put it: â€Å"In part, obviously, that is on the grounds that the Middle East, the Arabs, and Islam have kept on energizing colossal change, battle, contention, and, as I compose these lines, war†. The political insecurity so much a piece of a significant part of the Islamic world stems from the instable climate of a considerable lot of these nations (particularly the Arab ones) and the way that they are home to the greater part of the world’s oil flexibly. The oil brings the enthusiasm of numerous Western governments to do things that, if the oil was not there, they would presumably not do. To that obviously should be included that the vast majority have the negative picture of Muslims as psychological oppressors and radicals to a great extent because of their negative portrayal in the media. There is â€Å"a striking absence of lucidity and an environment of incomprehension that can just produce doubt and fear† (Ramadan 2007, p. 23). This circumstance isn't helped by the way that such a significant number of researchers in the West accept that Muslims are naturally â€Å"radical† and that Islam as a rule is contradictory with the West and additionally glo balization. All together battle these pictures and the expected clash there is a great deal individuals in Muslim nations could do. As a matter of first importance Muslim governments should endeavor to have their voice heard all the more plainly and all the more regularly in Western media. Obviously Muslims have a picture issue in the world’s media. There ought to be a sorted out exertion to connect with individuals to give them that Islam has significantly more to it than radicals and fear mongers.

The Gathering Text Response Essay Research Paper free essay sample

The Gathering Text Response Essay, Research Paper Content Response # 8211 ; Good Vs. Insidious Great versus shamelessness is a generally investigated subject in Isobelle Carmody # 8217 ; s novel # 8216 ; The Gathering # 8217 ; . It is generally obvious in the contention between the Chain and the Kraken, by and by the more vile, slippery Acts of the Apostless of wickedness happen when he endeavors to do every part defenseless by violating their failings. While the physical outlines, for example, the finishing up strife, the killing of The Tod and the vicious Acts of the Apostless by Buddha and his pack could most likely be delegated indecency, it is my conviction that the conditioning of the understudies and the exuberant forces of similarity Mr. Karle employs are increasingly tricky, fleetly populating and verifying in the heads of individuals in a way that is more impressive than any straight-out Acts of the Apostless of power. An outline of how the indecency inside Cheshunt and Mr. We will compose a custom article test on The Gathering Text Response Essay Research Paper or on the other hand any comparable subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Karle are act uponing tenants to execute flagitious Acts of the Apostless can be found on page 214 when Buddha murders Nathanial # 8217 ; s Canis familiaris with an end goal to render him powerless to Mr. Karle # 8217 ; s endeavors to make things happen him. The Tod was heartlessly murdered by being drenched in kerosine thus put land. Page 214 peruses as follows, # 8220 ; The lucifer arrived in his tail and flames cleared frontward up over him. Eaten up him. He angled and curled, yiping in harming and dread, thus he shouted, a long chilly ululation of torment and frenzy. For one dreadful second, his eyes took a gander at me from out of the flames, pouching and arguing. # 8221 ; This awful and threatening occasion was deciphered by Nat as punishment due to Lallie # 8217 ; s intervention of the dull before when he was being pursued by ferine Canis familiariss. Nathanial # 8217 ; s response was one of repulsiveness and ghastliness as he saw the killing by Buddha. Another outline of fiendishness happens on page 247, when Nathanial reviews his male parent looking to murder him # 8220 ; # 8216 ; Children ought to be seen and non heard # 8217 ; he stated, and his enormous manus shut around my cervix. Furthermore, crushed. # 8221 ; This could be grounds that a genetic run of fierce conduct could other than pollute Nathanial # 8217 ; s blood. Potentially th is the reason Mr. Karle battles to change over Nathanial and endeavors to oblige him to fall in The Gathering. One case relating to the subject of Good Vs Evil in the novel can be found on pages 224 and 225. This segment of the novel incorporates a contention among Nissa and a ferine Canis familiaris ; this is a physical clash among great and fiendishness. This concentrate from the novel shows that the Chain do in truth battle a physical clash against the malevolent powers of haziness contained in Cheshunt. An additional occasion of Good Vs Evil is found on page 257 # 8220 ; # 8216 ; Kill them all! Murder them all! # 8217 ; the Kraken screamed # 8216 ; May the Chain win long! # 8217 ; # 8221 ; This concentrate from the finishing up strife in the novel shows the way that the Chain must non simply fight a physical clash against the dim powers of Cheshunt. They should other than use their uprightness as an arm against the haziness This closing and persuading outline regarding corruption and fierceness in the new happens on page 120 # 8220 ; they held me down, belted me with their sticks thus they held me while the Canis familiaris assaulted me # 8221 ; . This backings Mrs. Delaney # 8217 ; s adage on individuals in spots of intensity: # 8220 ; Power debases and total force undermines splendidly # 8221 ; . The constabulary who had control over ordinary residents, got degenerate over clasp and this is the thing that enabled them to execute savage Acts of the Apostless, for example, this one. Great Versus Evil is the general subject in this novel, with the individuals from the Chain attempting to improve of the dim powers inside Cheshunt. It is an of import subject in light of the fact that in spite of the fact that the novel is composed as a phantasy, it contains sensible scenes. The entirety of the delineations of good and shrewdness in the book are things that could actually perchance go on in our ain society, as they are non completely improbable or # 8216 ; trick # 8217 ; . The significance of this is to pass on to the peruser that malevolent exists in our ain universe, non in the generalized way we much of the time see it, as a supernatural power, however as the force individuals employ over others to take them to make the wrong things. Reference index The Gathering

A Castle, a Jack, and a Beanstalk

A Castle, a Jack, and a Beanstalk Once upon a late October, MIT hosted its annual Family Weekend. Relatives flew in from everywhere, and were seen passing through East Campus halls with their hushed student-children. All over MIT, festivities ensued. Numerous posters in the Infinite advertised concerts, dinners, and movie viewings. I’d never seen MIT so formal and tame. But that didn’t stifle the MIT hacking culture. (If the term sounds unfamiliar, make sure to check out this very useful post by Snively ‘11 or this breathtaking one by Rachel D. ‘16.) MIT hackers don’t look like this: Around here, the word hack “refers to a clever, benign, and ethical prank or practical joke, which is both challenging for the perpetrators and amusing to the MIT community (and sometimes even the rest of the world!).” On the sunny Saturday of Family Weekend 2014, a castle appeared on the skybridge connecting Buildings 66 and 68, looming high above the clouds. Alongside the castle extended a beanstalk. On it, hung Jack, all packed and ready for adventure. The mysterious installation grew overnight, as if from magic beans. With this, my description is almost done. I’d rather show the hack than tell, so scroll through pictures (and links) below. In conclusion, I’ll add that the week after Family Weekend, the castle resurfaced mysteriously in the East Campus courtyard. From there, it was soon claimed by parents of a little girl. She will now have a grand castle of her own. How awesome is that? I rather enjoy such happy endings.             BONUS Hacking Links: The Official IHTFP Hacking Gallery Hackers Delight: a History of MIT Pranks and Hacks   Hacking the Admissions Tube   The Greatest MIT Hacks of All Time

Apple Inc. Is The Most Valuable Brand On The Planet

Introduction: Apple Inc. is an American technology company founded by Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak and Ronald Wayne on April 1, 1976 in Mountain View, California (Apple Computer Company Partnership Agreement, 1976). Initially created for the purpose of developing and selling personal computers, Apple has grown into the world’s second-largest IT company by net sales revenue with its $182.7 billion made in 2014 (Apple Inc. 2014, p. 27) and the world’s second-largest smartphone vendor (Framingham, 2014). It runs 437 stores in 16 countries (Apple Inc. 2014, p. 32) and produces a wide range of goods, including personal computers, smartphones, digital music players and media tablets, all of which are working on Apple’s own operational†¦show more content†¦2014, p. 7). Therefore, Apple’s profits and the ability to produce and transport its products depend on political factors, such as new international tax, trade and labour laws, international relations bet ween the USA and other countries and political stability in countries that produce or buy Apple products. Apple also manages to exploit international laws for its advantage; for example, to use tax loopholes by setting subsidiaries in Ireland for international sales, not claiming tax residence and avoiding U.S. income tax by taking advantage of the difference between Irish and American tax residency rules (Kanter, J., and Tomas Jr, L., 2014). Economical Factors: Global Financial Crisis has led to high inflation rate, increased unemployment and reduced consumers’ buying power. Apple Annual Report (2014) states that the company’s performance depends significantly on global and regional economic conditions and a number of other factors, such as energy and real estate costs and state of the labour market (Apple Inc., p. 9). The company’s main areas of interest are the United States, as it is where its headquarters are located, and China, that produces the majority of Apple’s products. Apple ‘considers a relatively strong U.S. dollar to be a threat to its business overseas’ (Reynolds, 2014), as it may reduce the demand for their products overseas due to higher prices, and ‘uses derivative instruments, such as foreign currency forward and option

History Of The Black Lives Matter - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 8 Words: 2468 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2019/04/02 Category Society Essay Level High school Tags: Black Lives Matter Essay Did you like this example? Throughout our history, people of another skin color than white seems to be the main target of our systems. Today, people are still targeted because of who they are and where they are from. It was a common thing in the past, but today? It seems like nothing have change. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "History Of The Black Lives Matter" essay for you Create order The Black Lives Matter movement started in 2013 after the death of Trayvon Martin. Trayvon Martin is an African American teenage boy that was shot and killed by George Zimmerman, a night watcher in Sanford, Florida. The African American community and many other people in the United States were upset of the ruling of the case. Many people protested in the streets, and people protested on the internet. They would post blogs and articles about what they have to say about the incident and people would follow them. During the same year, the Black Lives Matter Movement was found. A group of female activists started the Black Lives Matter Movement. With the help of our todays technology, people from all over the world heard them because of their #BlackLivesMatter post. They wanted to spread awareness throughout the world that people should not be target because of who they are and what they look like and that all lives matters. In the United States, people are continuously targeted by the systems that we created because of their skin color. For example, the death of Eric Garner, Michael Brown, Philando Castile, etc. These people are all African Americans and they were killed by the police. Why is it always the people of another skin color than white that are beaten or killed by the police officer? Even long before the Black Lives Matter movement started, people were targeted by the police; like Rodney King. Rodney King was not killed, he was beaten by a few police officers in Los Angeles after a high-speed car chase. From what the police officers said was they thought he was arm and dangerous which was why they beat him (Feuerherd, 2018). The police office officers knocked Rodney King onto the ground and when Rodney King was lying down on the ground, the police continue to beat him. During the trail, the police officers claim that Rodney King was resisting the arrest (Feuerherd, 2018). He was helpless and was beaten very badly. Our criminal justice system is broken (Feuerherd, 2018). The police officers were found guilty, two of the police officers were sentenced to two years and six months in the state prison and the other two police officers were found guilty of all charges (Feuerherd, 2018). During the time, the African American community in Los Angles went on riots for days. They trashed the streets of Los Angles and broke into stores. They even stole stuff from the stores. According to the Jstor Daily, the Amfircan American community did not what the white police officers did to Rodney King (Feuerherd, 2018). The police officers used their power to control a black man that was harmless, and it was just a police officer, but many of them. Rodney King was beaten so bad that he was sent to the hospital. It was not until 2013 when the Black Lives Matter movement started, people started to realize something is wrong with our system. Some states started to invest in body camera (Feuerherd, 2018). Police officers became more aware of their surroundings before doing anything when they are on duty. Even after when the movement started, the African American people in the United States were still targeted by the system. In 2014, Eric Garner, a 48 years old African American man was killed by a police officer in New York (Gross, 2017). Eric Garner was a suspect of selling cigarettes. A few police officers went up to him and confronted him. He argued with them. The police officers then tried to arrest Eric Garner, one of the police officers went behind him, grab his head, and choked him which got him go down on the ground. When Eric Garner was on the ground, he kept saying he could not breath. The police officers kept trying to lock his hands. After locking his hands, he stops moving. The police officers called an ambulance to come pick him to the hospital. A few hours later, Eric Garner passed away. According to NRP, Eric Garner died due to the chokehold (Gross, 2017). The police officer that choked Eric Garner was never indicted even though the death of Eric Garner was ruled as a homicide (Gross, 2017). People were out raged due to the ruling of the trail. People protested throughout the United States. It was the uprising of the Black Lives Matter movement again. Because Eric Garner is a huge African American male, the police officers had to use extra force to get him onto the ground. It was this case that now in some states, police officers cannot put people into a chokehold during an arrest (Gross, 2017). It is a dangerous chokehold if the police officer does not know how to do it. It can kill people which is why it got banned. It is to prevent anymore death during an arrest because there are some people who will try to resist the chokehold and it will be worst for the person if the person is in the chokehold. A month later after the death of Eric Garner there was another death. On August 9, 2014, Michael Brown was shot and killed by Darren Wilson in Ferguson, Missouri (Hafner, 2016). Michael Brown is an 18 years old African American man and Darren Wilson is a white police officer. Michael Brown and his friend was walking home from a convenience store until the police officer roll on next to them with his car and stopped them. They argued, and the police officer shot Michael Brown. The friend ran and hided. The police officer continued to shoot Michael Brown even after the first shot. A moment later the police officer stopped, but Michael Brown was already dead. People throughout the United States protested. At the trail, Darren Wilson, the police officer was not indicted. Darren Wilson argued that even though Michael Brown was not armed, he was still a threat to him which was why he fired the first shot. And when Michael Brown and Darren Wilson was were fighting, he fired again because he thought Michael Brown was trying to grab his gun. According to USA Today, the criminal justice system is racially bias (Hafner, 2016). People argued that Michael Brown and his friend was stopped because they were black. The African American communities and people from all over the United States did not like the ruling of the case and continued to protest. People started to post #BlackLivesMatter all over the social media and it became a tend again. The people that protested the streets turned these protests into riots. People started to break into stores and steal stuff. Some people did not even know what they were doing (Hafner, 2016). They were just following along with the rest of the people. Many people were injured, and a lot of people even tried to fight with police officers (Hafner, 2016). The whole thing became a mess. The people realized that what they were doing to their city was wrong and it will not change anything, so they stopped. The people were still upset about the ruling. Today, a lot of people officers are to have a body camera on at all time when they are on duty (Feuerherd, 2018). A few years later after the death of Michael Brown, there was another incident that involved a white cop shooting an African American male. In July of 2016, Philando Castile was shot and killed by a police officer in his car in Minnesota (Robinson, 2017). The police officer pulled Philando Castile over because one of his break lights was not on. The police officer told him and asked for his license and insurance. Philando Castile then told the police officer he has a firearm in his car. The police officer told him to not pull it out and Philando Castile proceed to reach over for something. The police officer pulled out his gun and shot him. The police officer did not shoot Philando Castile once, but more than once. Philando Castile died on the scene. At the trail, the police officer was charged with second-degree manslaughter and is charge with 10 years in state prison (Robinson, 2017). Shooting Philando Castile more than once was not justiciable. The act was cruel, but it can be argued that it is not because he was an African American male which was why the police officer shot him. The African American and many people throughout the United States were mad about the incident. The police officer had no right to shot Philando Castile more than once. Once is enough to keep him down, but the police officer decided to shoot him five times. At the scene of the act, Philando Castile did tell the police officer that he has a firearm in the car and he has a license to carry a firearm. People protested throughout the United States. People wanted a change in our system. Police officers should not be taking advantage of their power and killing people like how the police officer shot Philando. According to the Washington Post, people claimed that is was a systemic racial inequality issue (Robinson, 2017). Police officers are using their power to target another race in the United States. People of another skin color seems to be the target in the United States since the slavery time. The people have been fighting for their rights since forever nothing seems to be change. Our history is only repeating itself. People have to die for others to realize that something is wrong with our system; and it is always the people of another skin color than white. Is it because they are the target in the United States? We will never know. The United States crime rate has been at its lowest rate than ever before (NAACP, 2018). Less people are committing crimes. Yet, the United States still have the most populated prison population in the world. According to NAACP, as of 2015, 34% of the prison population are African Americans (NAACP, 2018). African Americas are five times more likely to convicted and sent to prison than the white Americans in the United States (NAACP, 2018). There is an issue among our system. People are targeted because of who they are. Even after when the Black Lives Matter movement started, people of race are still killed on the streets of the United States. The incarnation rate of the African American people is still the same. Nothing will change unless everyone works together and change the world together. It is the only how way we can grow as one nation. Bibliography Feuerherd, Peter. (2018). Why Didnt the Rodney King Video Lead to a Conviction?. JSTOR DAILY. Retrieved from https://daily.jstor.org/why-rodney-king-video-conviction/ On March 3rd, 1991, Rodney King, an African American male was pulled over by some Los Angeles polices and was brutally beaten. The incident caused a huge outbreak in Los Angeles. The African American communities were upset and protested on the streets, these protests turned into riot and they caused disaster in the city of Los Angeles. It was not only the African American communities, yet, many other people in the United States too. Because it was some white Americans beating an African American, it was heard throughout the United States. The incident is one of the early cases that caused an uprising of the communities in the United States coming together and protested. Gross, Terry. (2017). I Cant Breathe Examines Modern Policing And The Life And Death Of Eric Garner. NRP. Retrieved from https://www.npr.org/2017/10/23/559498678/i-can-t-breathe-explores-life-and-death-at-the-hands-of-police On July 17, 2014, Eric Garner, a 48 years old African American male was confronted by a few police officers about selling cigarettes in New York. They got into an argument and one of the police officers choked Eric Garner. He later died. This case was one of the first case after the Treyvon Martin case that started the Black Lives Matter movement in the United States. Because Eric Garner is a African American male, people argued that it is because he was he was black that was why he was targeted. The communities in the United States came together and protested. People were upset about police officers using their power among the citizens. After the case, a few laws changed. Hafner, Josh. How Michael Browns death, two years ago, pushed #BlackLivesMatter into a movement. USA Today. Retrieved from https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation-now/2016/08/08/how-michael-browns-death-two-years-ago-pushed-blacklivesmatter-into-movement/88424366/ On August 9, 2014, Michael Brown was shot and killed by a police officer in Ferguson, Missouri. Michael Brown and his friend were walking home from a store and was stopped by the police officer. They got into an agreement and got into a fight. The police officer shot Michael Brown. He died on the scene. The incident was a few months after the Eric Garner incident and caused another outbreak in the United States. Protesters came together and walked the streets. The people caused riots and police officers got involved in these riots. People got hurt. After the incident, police officers became more aware of surrounding before using deadly force. NAACP. (2018). CRIMINAL JUSTICE FACT SHEET. NAACP.org. Retrieved from https://www.naacp.org/criminal-justice-fact-sheet/ The United States is one of the countries with the highest prison population in the world. Among those prison, the African Americans make up about 34% of its population. African American are more likely to be arrested than another other race in the United States even though the white Americans make up about more than 55% of the prison population. Why is it that the African Americans are more likely to be target by the system? In the United States, poverty plays a huge role on it. Poor people are more likely to be target by the system and a lot of the African American people live in poverty. Robinson, Eugene. (2017). The acquittal in Philando Castiles killing makes clear that black lives still do not matter. The Washington Post. Retrieved from https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/post-partisan/wp/2017/06/17/the-acquittal-in-philando-castiles-killing-makes-clear-that-black-lives-still-do-not-matter/?noredirect=onutm_term=.a3ea57f28039 The death of Philando Castile caused a huge outbreak in the United States. Philando Castile, an African American male was shot and killed in his car after being pulled over. He was shot not once, but more than once. He died on the scene. The incident was heard throughout the United States and because Philando Castile is an African American man people argued. The police officer was convicted of second-degree manslaughter. Shooting Philando Castile was not justifiable. The act was cruel. There was no need to shoot him so many times. People protested on the streets for a change. People should not be target because of their skin color.

Contributions of Feminism to Security studies Free Essays

string(121) " it appears akin to the history of a victor: no matter how good it may be, it is incomplete with adverse moral problems\." The contribution of feminists to security studies have been described as four separate categories; where the International Relation feminists query the hypothetical nonexistence and peripheral nature of women in international security politics, interrogate the extent to which women are secured by state protection in times of war and peace, critique the ever ever-existence assumption that gendered security practices address women only and contest the discourses wherein women are linked unreflectively with peace. Feminists have conceptualized the core concepts like security, the state, violence, war and peace while at the same time uncovering new hardheaded knowledge about sexual violence in war, gendered participation in armed conflict as well as the masculinity of militarization (Carpenter, 2002: 300). International Relation feminists have studied specific empirical situations to deduce explanatory as well as ethical theories of International Relation. We will write a custom essay sample on Contributions of Feminism to Security studies or any similar topic only for you Order Now They have traversed the crisis in Bosnia, African peace keeping operations, civil military relations in South Korea and the wars in Iraq. Though some of the emerging exemplar of human security as well as Copenhagen school stress the significance of individuals within the security issues they still fail to recognize that not all individuals face those issues the same. Feminists have decided to make women noticeable as subjects in international security (Edkins Epstein, 1997: 120). They portray attention to the invisibility of female and gender subordination within the theory and practice of security politics. Less than 10% of the heads of state of the world are women. Feminists ask why this should be the case and how this is likely to affect the structure as well as the practice of global politics. The empirical case studies of the more current new generation feminists have manly focused on hitherto underrepresented issues like military prostitution, sensitive households, domestic service as well as home-based work which are always performed by women. Through the use of gendered lenses, we are able to see that in spite of the myth that wars are fought by men as a way of protecting the ‘vulnerable people’, a category to which women and children are assigned, women and children represent a significant portion of the causalities in the recent wars. And while are underrepresented as military casualties in terms of their participation in militaries all over the world, they are over represented as civilian victims in terms of their percentage of the population in war zones. Women and children make up between seventy five to eighty percent of the refugees displaced by the effects of war. Feminists have drawn the attention to the frequency as well as the severity of wartime rape, characterizing it as a war crime, as genocide and extreme form of torture. War affects women drafted to provide sex to the soldiers. For instance, more than one million Korean women have suffered in the same way since the beginning of the Korean War (Moon, 1997: 112). Looking at the sound effects of war on women, we are able to gain a better understanding of the unequal feminine relation that sustains the military activity. Whereas feminists highlight the essentiality of seeing women understand conflict and war, they too put emphasis on how these gendered constructions are able to help us understand not just some of the causes of war but certain ways of think about the nature of security have been legitimized at the expense of others. Gendered lenses do not just show where women are during conflict and war but also the structure of war and conflict. Realists define security primarily in terms of state security. A state that is secure is one that is position to protect its physical borders against an anarchical global system. Neorealist put much emphasis on the anarchic international- system’s structure. In this case there is no sovereign to regulate the state behavior. They paint states like Bosnia, Somalia and Iraq as unitary actors whose internal structures as well as policies are less crucial than the anarchic condition for explaining their insecurity and security. The power seeking nature of a state together with the military capabilities are viewed as avenues designed at increasing security of the state; security specialists believe than that the habit of power seeking so as to promote the level of security explains much of the international behavior of the states. Poorest Nations of the world have active military operations within their borders. Consequently, the conflicts contribute to high number of civilian casualties to the extreme structural violence which is done to people when their basic requirements are not met as well as environmental destruction. Security is all about an individual safety. The survival of an individual is therefore the key to his or her safety. But survival has always been threatened by bombs, but this is not even all. Inadequate food, health care, shelter, and transportation threatens the physical integrity of the bodies of individuals, and the most affected are women and children. The safety of an individual is of importance than just being able to stay alive. It is also about the ability to have a home and raise a healthy family. Most women in war affected countries spent the better part of their lives in refugee camps and have never known the meaning of a happy leaving. According to feminists, security is about the safety issues which affect the lives of people, mostly women (Edkins Epstein, 1997: 208). Civilian casualties, power outrages, food shortages, structural violence, militarism together with the human rights are security issues. The lives of women can be insecure even when the states feel safe. Security has to be seen from marginalized members of the societies, those that are highly susceptible to insecurity. Feminist security prioritizes justice together with emancipation. Feminism exclusively contributes the perspective of how the lives of women demonstrate the violence in the events that are not traditionally perceived as security threats. Without Gender, Security is Incomplete Scholarly work that accepts a gender-subordinating world the way it appears akin to the history of a victor: no matter how good it may be, it is incomplete with adverse moral problems. You read "Contributions of Feminism to Security studies" in category "Papers" This is verified by the look at the non-combatant principle of immunity and what feminists refer to as an illusion of the protection of women or the protection racket. In her piece of writing, Women, Children and other Susceptible Groups, Charlie Carpenter emphasize the importance of gender in international advocacy concerning the protection of civilians through reference to the beliefs of the advocates that their message is likely to be salient incase it is understood in terms of defending women and children particularly (Carpenter, 2002: 302). The immunity structure of women has been greatly distorted through reliance upon the proxy of women and children for civilians. The distortion is likely to affect the protection in sub-optimal ways. There is need for a clear understanding of what needs protection and why. The principle of immunity within the just war tradition is hazy and highly subject to considerable manipulation for political purposes. This kind of problems may be enough to cause the current lack of effectiveness. Whereas the principle of immunity appears to protect women, in real sense, it risks the lives of women and also perpetuates gender subordination at the same time. The modernization of the Malaysian economy in 1970’s led to an increase in the number of the underpaid and exploited foreign female household workforce within the country. It was a case of rejecting the traditional economic validation due to the fact that the economic theory overlooks the involvement of the state or the social dynamics that surround foreign domestic worker involvement. In order to win the support of the middle class and lessen the ethnic tension, the state of Malaysia backed the hiring of foreign female domestic workers and the workers worked in slave-like conditions. In such a case, just like in many other countries, the state played the role of manipulating class, gender as well as race to control power in order to benefit a few citizens and disadvantage others. The scholars reveal gender that is entrenched within the power structures and consistence with the critical International- Relations theory, ultimately aimed at changing the status quo. The works of feminists contribute to the realm of the protection in an untraditional way. For instance, they bring to light the insecurities that women have inside and outside of the traditional war zones. To add on that, because they have the ability to recognize the physical, ecological, structural as well as sexual violence as security threats, they appropriately apply security on the individual level. Through underscoring human safety, mainly at the political margin, feminists refocus security discourses from the policies of the state to the lives of the individuals. Certainly, wars are known to threaten safety. But oppressive relationship of work as well as sexual slavery also threaten it and therefore has to be recognized as universal issues of the human insecurity and justifiable topics within international security. Through bringing about the discussion and concentrating on how the ideas on how gender affects and are affected by politics, the constructivists of feminism build on the foundation that is availed by the social constructivists. In his book, Modern Security Studies, Collins examines international dialogue and law in relation to home based work. He reveals that the dominantly home-based female workforce is highly undervalued. Because the work takes place in a private sphere, it is not considered to be legitimate by many. As a result, women suffer low wages as well as poor working conditions without being provided with an opportunity to change their circumstances. Due to the fact that the workforce is dominantly women, the institutionalization of the rights of the workers is vital to feminists. In terms of war, the constructionists of feminism try to determine the reasons as to why the issue of security remain absent within the mainstream of security discourse. For example, though not included in the description of conventional warfare, the economic sanctions on Iraq between the Gulf wars had incredible security impact on Iraqi communities as well as the citizens, excessively on women. While implementing the policy, the United Nation Security Council was aiming at instigating the opposition of the citizens to the government of Iraq. In a sense, through making the residents of Iraq suffer, the United Nation hoped they would revolt against their government. This kind of policy at the end of the day became a war against the innocent citizens. Whereas the well-off Iraqi in government or in the upper class were able to acquire goods through black market, the majority with lower incomes, particularly women, children as well as the elderly could hardly get anything Though the sanctions do not constitute a declaration of war from those concerned, military attacks, they contribute to emergence of war. Feminists mainly focus on the physical as well as the structural violence existent on the ground within the affected communities. And for them, conventional wars as well as economic sanctions both deserve recognition as significant and momentous security issues (Sassen, 2000: 508). Concerning the use of language in society as well as the effect on our understanding of the reality, poststructuralists stress the relationship that exists between knowledge and power. In most societies, those who posses intellect also have the capability to frame most crucial agendas and discussions, that endow with them the needed power. Traditionally, men are known to dominate the sphere of learning and intelligence. On the other hand, women are viewed as less intelligence followers who react to the supremacy of men. In particular, feminist stress the linguistic dichotomies in international security discourse which favor the attributes of masculinity. Pairs of words like strong/weak in security studies have obvious gender link because women are stereotypically feeble and more emotional. Feminists perfect in one of these divisions are point out that the gendered as well as racial implication within them have direct consequences (Collins, 2007: 28). Through donating inferiority of a given gender or race, the dichotomies shape the current perception of gender within our society. Through the demolition of the hierarchical language, feminists hope to minimize the hierarchy in our realism as well. Postcolonial Feminism Just as feminists assert a society exists with knowledge that mainly set forth by men, postcolonial feminists find fault within the knowledge that is solely based upon the experiences of the privileged western women. They do not consider female’ a homogenous category. The class, geography, race and culture experienced by individual women tend to change their perception of the world. Accordingly, postcolonial feminists’ state that contrary to the beliefs of western women, almost all women do not have the same level of emancipation needs and wants (Jackson, 1998: 70). They are fond of fighting the stereotype of the third world women as poor, victimized and lacking in agency. In due course, the feminists believe that gender subordination takes place through interaction of gender, culture and race. Through acknowledging this fact, they aspire in defining the needs of the women based on the factors rather than creating a universal list of them. Sexualized Discourse and War Sexualized discourse within the international security takes place in varied form and aspects of the military and war. For instance, in weapons technology gendered language pervades the discourse. When a weapon is first created, the makers refer to it as if it is a male being born. When it is completed, it penetrates the enemy lines the same way men penetrate women. The aggressive sexual language eventually joins with feminine language to make war seem civilized in spite of its violent nature. The abuses, for instance rape that occur during the war go away completely unmentioned (Collins, 2007: 78). Within the international security dialogue, there are cases of sexualized and gendered discourse. When describing the Gulf Wars, various politicians as well as other people draw a comparison of the situation to the sexual intercourse. During the discussion of the overthrow of Saddam, the U. S officials mentioned the frustration that though the forces had ‘penetrated’ the ‘inner sanctum’, they had not yet achieved a satisfying outcome. International Security on the Lives of Women Quite a number of Feminists employ a more micro-level scrutiny in determining the effects of international security on individual lives of women. For example, (Hansen 2000) tries to improve the analysis of feminists of foreign policy through asking them why, how and when the governments use women not just on a gendered ideology but also as instruments of foreign policy. About the South Korean women ‘working’ for the military of the U. S. , Hansen concludes that individuals and organizations should incorporate military prostitution within the global security discussion of the gender rules in war times. Conclusion In an attempt to broaden the sphere of security studies, feminists emphasize those aspects of security that have been ignored by the dominant social science. They recognize the presence of women in international security politics and query the state protection which women supposedly receive in time of war and peace (Elshtain, 1995: 49). They also scrutinize the alleged link between women and peace and show that gendered discourses usually affect the entire population. Through highlighting the differences and also exploring the current literature relating to feminist security learning, this review was aimed at showing the reasons as to why the aspects of commonly ignored aspects are actually critical to the study of security. Instead of simply being a supplement to the prevailing security theory, feminist security studies require utmost consideration to enable full understanding of the world. How to cite Contributions of Feminism to Security studies, Papers

Slaves Essay Example For Students

Slaves Essay Slaves: The Real Motivation of the Civil WarThe Civil War did not begin as a war ofemancipation. Nor did it, in the beginning seek tochange the institution of slavery where it existed. -=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-Category:HistoryPaper Title:SlavesText:The Real Motivation of the Civil WarThe Civil War did not begin as a war ofemancipation. Nor did it, in the beginning seek tochange the institution of slavery where it existed. Instead the stated goal of the Civil War was to restorethe Union, slavery and all. The reason for this approachwas more practical than ideological. My paramountobject in this struggle is to save the Union and is noteither to save or destroy slavery (Bailey et al. 461). Lincoln of course had been for the restriction ofslavery. His campaign for the United States Senate seatfrom Illinois was based upon the principle that a housedivided against itself could not forever stand. Therefore, it was a matter of great concern to thesouthern and border slave holding states, that he waselected as the sixteenth President of the United States. Lincoln recognized that if the Union was to bepreserved he had to convince so called, border statesthat they should not leave. In the days following hiselection, he centered his argument against secession onthe basis that, the states having joined the Union, andratifying the constitution, could not withdraw from thissolemn compact. In fact, in Lincolns Inaugural address heconverted the oath of office from a pledge to, protect,defend, and preserve the constitution, to a pledge toprotect, defend, and preserve the Union. Lincolntherefore, interpreted the union of states asindissoluble on the basis of his oath of office.(Safire3). It was this position along with careful moves thatpreserved the Union in the border states. In Missourifederal troops occupied the capital before a bill ofsecession could be voted upon. In Maryland theLegislature was disband before it could secede. Therefore, even though 13 southern states withdrew, 27states remained (Fepperson 1). However, by the Summer of 1862, the war had beengoing on for over 18 months, and there was no sign ofpeace or victory in sight. Originally, conceived as aninducement to the southern states to rejoin the Union,Lincoln made his proclamation effective only in statesin rebellion against the Union. On July 22, 1862,Lincoln informed his cabinet that he intended to freethe slaves that were in active rebellion (MSN). I do order and declare that all persons held asslaves within said designated slave states, and parts ofstates are and henceforth shall be free (Lincoln). The emancipation proclamation declared . The finalproclamation issues on January 11, 1863 freed the slavesonly in the states that had rebelled: Arkansas, Texas,Mississippi, Alabama, Florida, Georgia, South Carolina,North Carolina, and parts of Louisiana and Virginia. The reason for the proclamation may have stemmedthe desire to keep Britain and France out of the war. Since both countries had abolished slavery they couldnot enter a war that had as its central issue the end orperpetuation of slavery. However, the more likely explanation of the issuingof the proclamation was Lincolns belief that he had toconvert the wars aim beyond maintaining the status quo. The North had decidedly become anti-slavery since thewars beginning. Many states had passed their ownanti-slavery laws. Therefore, when Lincoln announcedthe proclamation he was attempting to get out in frontof popular opinion and not lose his ability to see thewar to a successful conclusion and-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-